log.info() - 5 Exampleslog.info() is one of the most powerful tools in Pine Script that no one knows about. Whenever you code, you want to be able to debug, or find out why something isn’t working. The log.info() command will help you do that. Without it, creating more complex Pine Scripts becomes exponentially more difficult.
The first thing to note is that log.info() only displays strings. So, if you have a variable that is not a string, you must turn it into a string in order for log.info() to work. The way you do that is with the str.tostring() command. And remember, it's all lower case! You can throw in any numeric value (float, int, timestamp) into str.string() and it should work.
Next, in order to make your output intelligible, you may want to identify whatever value you are logging. For example, if an RSI value is 50, you don’t want a bunch of lines that just say “50”. You may want it to say “RSI = 50”.
To do that, you’ll have to use the concatenation operator. For example, if you have a variable called “rsi”, and its value is 50, then you would use the “+” concatenation symbol.
EXAMPLE 1
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//@version=6
indicator("log.info()")
rsi = ta.rsi(close,14)
log.info(“RSI= ” + str.tostring(rsi))
Example Output =>
RSI= 50
Here, we use double quotes to create a string that contains the name of the variable, in this case “RSI = “, then we concatenate it with a stringified version of the variable, rsi.
Now that you know how to write a log, where do you view them? There isn’t a lot of documentation on it, and the link is not conveniently located.
Open up the “Pine Editor” tab at the bottom of any chart view, and you’ll see a “3 dot” button at the top right of the pane. Click that, and right above the “Help” menu item you’ll see “Pine logs”. Clicking that will open that to open a pane on the right of your browser - replacing whatever was in the right pane area before. This is where your log output will show up.
But, because you’re dealing with time series data, using the log.info() command without some type of condition will give you a fast moving stream of numbers that will be difficult to interpret. So, you may only want the output to show up once per bar, or only under specific conditions.
To have the output show up only after all computations have completed, you’ll need to use the barState.islast command. Remember, barState is camelCase, but islast is not!
EXAMPLE 2
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//@version=6
indicator("log.info()")
rsi = ta.rsi(close,14)
if barState.islast
log.info("RSI=" + str.tostring(rsi))
plot(rsi)
However, this can be less than ideal, because you may want the value of the rsi variable on a particular bar, at a particular time, or under a specific chart condition. Let’s hit these one at a time.
In each of these cases, the built-in bar_index variable will come in handy. When debugging, I typically like to assign a variable “bix” to represent bar_index, and include it in the output.
So, if I want to see the rsi value when RSI crosses above 0.5, then I would have something like
EXAMPLE 3
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//@version=6
indicator("log.info()")
rsi = ta.rsi(close,14)
bix = bar_index
rsiCrossedOver = ta.crossover(rsi,0.5)
if rsiCrossedOver
log.info("bix=" + str.tostring(bix) + " - RSI=" + str.tostring(rsi))
plot(rsi)
Example Output =>
bix=19964 - RSI=51.8449459867
bix=19972 - RSI=50.0975830828
bix=19983 - RSI=53.3529808079
bix=19985 - RSI=53.1595745146
bix=19999 - RSI=66.6466337654
bix=20001 - RSI=52.2191767466
Here, we see that the output only appears when the condition is met.
A useful thing to know is that if you want to limit the number of decimal places, then you would use the command str.tostring(rsi,”#.##”), which tells the interpreter that the format of the number should only be 2 decimal places. Or you could round the rsi variable with a command like rsi2 = math.round(rsi*100)/100 . In either case you’re output would look like:
bix=19964 - RSI=51.84
bix=19972 - RSI=50.1
bix=19983 - RSI=53.35
bix=19985 - RSI=53.16
bix=19999 - RSI=66.65
bix=20001 - RSI=52.22
This would decrease the amount of memory that’s being used to display your variable’s values, which can become a limitation for the log.info() command. It only allows 4096 characters per line, so when you get to trying to output arrays (which is another cool feature), you’ll have to keep that in mind.
Another thing to note is that log output is always preceded by a timestamp, but for the sake of brevity, I’m not including those in the output examples.
If you wanted to only output a value after the chart was fully loaded, that’s when barState.islast command comes in. Under this condition, only one line of output is created per tick update — AFTER the chart has finished loading. For example, if you only want to see what the the current bar_index and rsi values are, without filling up your log window with everything that happens before, then you could use the following code:
EXAMPLE 4
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//@version=6
indicator("log.info()")
rsi = ta.rsi(close,14)
bix = bar_index
if barstate.islast
log.info("bix=" + str.tostring(bix) + " - RSI=" + str.tostring(rsi))
Example Output =>
bix=20203 - RSI=53.1103309071
This value would keep updating after every new bar tick.
The log.info() command is a huge help in creating new scripts, however, it does have its limitations. As mentioned earlier, only 4096 characters are allowed per line. So, although you can use log.info() to output arrays, you have to be aware of how many characters that array will use.
The following code DOES NOT WORK! And, the only way you can find out why will be the red exclamation point next to the name of the indicator. That, and nothing will show up on the chart, or in the logs.
// CODE DOESN’T WORK
//@version=6
indicator("MW - log.info()")
var array rsi_arr = array.new()
rsi = ta.rsi(close,14)
bix = bar_index
rsiCrossedOver = ta.crossover(rsi,50)
if rsiCrossedOver
array.push(rsi_arr, rsi)
if barstate.islast
log.info("rsi_arr:" + str.tostring(rsi_arr))
log.info("bix=" + str.tostring(bix) + " - RSI=" + str.tostring(rsi))
plot(rsi)
// No code errors, but will not compile because too much is being written to the logs.
However, after putting some time restrictions in with the i_startTime and i_endTime user input variables, and creating a dateFilter variable to use in the conditions, I can limit the size of the final array. So, the following code does work.
EXAMPLE 5
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// CODE DOES WORK
//@version=6
indicator("MW - log.info()")
i_startTime = input.time(title="Start", defval=timestamp("01 Jan 2025 13:30 +0000"))
i_endTime = input.time(title="End", defval=timestamp("1 Jan 2099 19:30 +0000"))
var array rsi_arr = array.new()
dateFilter = time >= i_startTime and time <= i_endTime
rsi = ta.rsi(close,14)
bix = bar_index
rsiCrossedOver = ta.crossover(rsi,50) and dateFilter // <== The dateFilter condition keeps the array from getting too big
if rsiCrossedOver
array.push(rsi_arr, rsi)
if barstate.islast
log.info("rsi_arr:" + str.tostring(rsi_arr))
log.info("bix=" + str.tostring(bix) + " - RSI=" + str.tostring(rsi))
plot(rsi)
Example Output =>
rsi_arr:
bix=20210 - RSI=56.9030578034
Of course, if you restrict the decimal places by using the rounding the rsi value with something like rsiRounded = math.round(rsi * 100) / 100 , then you can further reduce the size of your array. In this case the output may look something like:
Example Output =>
rsi_arr:
bix=20210 - RSI=55.6947486019
This will give your code a little breathing room.
In a nutshell, I was coding for over a year trying to debug by pushing output to labels, tables, and using libraries that cluttered up my code. Once I was able to debug with log.info() it was a game changer. I was able to start building much more advanced scripts. Hopefully, this will help you on your journey as well. Indicator
Wave Modulation Demo█ OVERVIEW
This script demonstrates Stacked Wave Modulation by visualizing four interconnected waves. Wave 1 is the base wave, influencing Wave 2's frequency, which in turn modulates Wave 3's amplitude, and finally, Wave 3 modulates Wave 4's phase. Explore the fascinating effects of wave modulation by adjusting the inputs for each wave and their modulation scales.
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█ CONCEPTS
This script visualizes a cascade of wave modulations:
1 — Base Wave (Wave 1): This is the foundational wave. Its parameters (type, frequency, amplitude, phase, vertical shift) are directly controlled and serve as the basis for subsequent modulations.
2 — Frequency Modulation (Wave 2): Wave 2's frequency is modulated by Wave 1 . As Wave 1 oscillates, it dynamically changes the frequency of Wave 2 , creating interesting frequency variations. The Frequency Mod Scale input controls the intensity of this modulation.
3 — Amplitude Modulation (Wave 3): Building upon the cascade, Wave 3 's amplitude is modulated by Wave 2 . The peaks and troughs of Wave 2 influence the amplitude of Wave 3 , resulting in amplitude variations. The Amplitude Mod Scale input adjusts the strength of this amplitude modulation.
4 — Phase Modulation (Wave 4): Finally, Wave 4 's phase is modulated by Wave 3 . Wave 3 's oscillations shift the phase of Wave 4 , leading to phase-related distortions and dynamic wave patterns. The Phase Mod Scale input determines the extent of phase modulation.
5 — Stacked Wave (Average): The script calculates and plots the average of all four waves, providing a composite view of the combined modulation effects.
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█ FEATURES
The script is organized into input groups for each wave, allowing for detailed customization:
1 — Wave 1: Base Wave
• Type : Select the waveform type for Wave 1 (Sine, Cosine, Triangle, Square).
• Frequency (Hz) : Sets the base frequency of Wave 1 in Hertz (cycles per second).
• Amplitude : Controls the vertical amplitude or height of Wave 1.
• Phase Shift (deg) : Adjusts the phase shift of Wave 1 in degrees, shifting the wave horizontally.
• Vertical Shift : Sets the vertical position of Wave 1 on the chart.
2 — Wave 2: Frequency Modulation
• Type : Select the waveform type for Wave 2.
• Base Frequency (Hz) : Sets the base frequency of Wave 2, before modulation.
• Amplitude : Controls the amplitude of Wave 2.
• Phase Shift (deg) : Adjusts the phase shift of Wave 2.
• Vertical Shift : Sets the vertical position of Wave 2.
• Frequency Mod Scale : Determines the degree to which Wave 1 modulates Wave 2's frequency. Higher values increase the modulation effect.
3 — Wave 3: Amplitude Modulation
• Type : Select the waveform type for Wave 3.
• Base Frequency (Hz) : Sets the base frequency of Wave 3.
• Amplitude : Controls the base amplitude of Wave 3, before modulation.
• Phase Shift (deg) : Adjusts the phase shift of Wave 3.
• Vertical Shift : Sets the vertical position of Wave 3.
• Amplitude Mod Scale : Determines the degree to which Wave 2 modulates Wave 3's amplitude. Higher values increase the modulation effect.
4 — Wave 4: Phase Modulation
• Type : Select the waveform type for Wave 4.
• Base Frequency (Hz) : Sets the base frequency of Wave 4.
• Amplitude : Controls the amplitude of Wave 4.
• Phase Shift (deg) : Sets the base phase shift of Wave 4, before modulation.
• Vertical Shift : Sets the vertical position of Wave 4.
• Phase Mod Scale : Determines the degree to which Wave 3 modulates Wave 4's phase. Higher values increase the modulation effect.
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█ HOW TO USE
1. Add the "Stacked Wave Modulation Demo" script to your PulseWire chart.
2. Explore the input settings. Each wave has its own group of customizable parameters.
3. Adjust the Type , Frequency , Amplitude , Phase Shift , and Vertical Shift for each wave to define their base characteristics.
4. Experiment with the modulation scales ( Frequency Mod Scale , Amplitude Mod Scale , Phase Mod Scale ) to control the intensity of the modulation effects between the waves.
5. Observe how the waves interact and how the modulations shape their forms and the final stacked wave (average).
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█ NOTES
* This script utilizes the `waves` and `hsvColor` libraries. Look for other scripts on my profile.
* The frequencies are set in Hertz (cycles per second), which relate to bars on the chart. A frequency of 0.5 Hz means 0.5 cycles per bar, or 1 cycle every 2 bars.
* Adjusting the modulation scales allows you to fine-tune the visual impact of the modulation effects.
* The color of each wave plot is dynamically generated based on its value using the HSV color model for visual distinction.
* Feel free to modify and experiment with the script to create different modulation schemes or stacking methods.
Let me know if you have any other questions or would like further refinements! Indicator
Tutorial - Adding sessions to strategiesA simple script to illustrate how to add sessions to trading strategies.
In this interactive tutorial, you'll learn how to add trading sessions to your strategies using Pine Script. By the end of this session (pun intended!), you'll be able to create custom trading windows that adapt to changing market conditions.
What You'll Learn:
Defining Trading Sessions: Understand how to set up specific time frames for buying and selling, tailored to your unique trading style.
RSI-Based Entry Signals: Discover how to use the Relative Strength Index (RSI) as a trigger for buy and sell signals, helping you capitalize on market trends.
Combining Session Logic with Trading Decisions: Learn how to integrate session-based logic into your strategy, ensuring that trades are executed only during designated times.
By combining these elements, we create an interactive strategy that:
1. Generates buy and sell signals based on RSI levels.
2. Checks if the market is open during a specific trading session (e.g., 1300-1700).
3. Executes trades only when both conditions are met.
**Tips & Variations:**
* Experiment with different RSI periods, thresholds, and sessions to optimize your strategy for various markets and time frames.
* Consider adding more advanced logic, such as stop-losses or position sizing, to further refine your trading approach.
Get ready to take your Pine Script skills to the next level!
~Description partially generated with Llama3_8B Strategy
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CC - Array-meta Consolidated Interval Display (ACID)This script extends my other two Array examples (which I've also provided to you open source):
The Ticker-centric 5m,15m,45m,1h,4h,1d resolution labels using arrays:
And the more Macro VIX,GLD,TLT,QQQ,SPY,IWM 1d resolution labels using arrays:
This script aims to show how to use min/max/avg with Arrays easily. My next example after this will be exploring the usage of variance versus covariance ratios over different periodic interval resolutions. Currently, this is using the following intervals: 5m,15m,45m,1h,4h,1d. It takes these intervals, calculates the values at those resolutions and puts the absolute min and max from the 5 minute to the 1 day resolutions.
It's more of an example of the power that arrays can hold, as all this truly is right now is a min/max bound calculator. The real gem lies in the avg calculators for multiple resoltuions tied into a single label with readable data. Check out the code and let me know what you think. If you need more examples, the other two scripts I mentioned before are also open source.
Using this on intervals of less than 1D sometimes times out, the way I wrote it is memory intensive, may not work for non-pro users.
Thanks!
NONE OF THIS IS FOREWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS, THIS IS NOT A PREDECTIVE ANALYSIS TOOL. THIS IS A RESEARCH ATTEMPT AT A NOVEL INDICATOR. I am not responsible for outcomes using it.
Please use and give criticisms freely. I am experimenting with combining resolutions and comparing covariance values at different levels right now, so let me know your thoughts! The last indicator will likely not be open source, but may be depending on how complex I get. Indicator
CC - Macro Consolidated Interval Display (MCID)Ever wish you didn't have to rapidly flip between 6 different tickers to get the full picture?
Yeah, me too. Do you also wish that you kind of understood how the shift / unshift function works for arrays?
Yeah, I did too. Both of those birds are taken care of with one stone!
The Macro Consolidated Interval Display uses the new Array structure and security to display data for VIX, GLD, TLT, QQQ, SPY and IWM (at a 1D interval) SIMUTANEOUSLY! Regardless of which ticker you're looking at you can get the full picture of macro futures data without flipping around to get it.
This is my first script trying to use arrays. It basically shows the following a 1d interval:
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP for VIX.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP for GLD.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP for TLT.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP for QQQ.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP for SPY.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP for IWM
To make it more or less busy, I've allowed you to toggle off any of the levels you wish. I've also chosen to leave this as open source, as it's nothing too experimental, and I hope that it can gain some traction as an Array example that the public can use! If you don't like the different values that are shown, use this source code example as a spring-board to put values that you do care about onto the labels.
If this code has helped you at all please drop me a like or some constructive criticism if you do not think it's worth a like.
Good luck and happy trading friends. This should be compatible with my CID as well:
If this gets traction, I will post something similar for a dynamic combination of tickers and intervals that you can set yourself. Indicator
CC - Consolidated Interval Display (CID)Ever wish you didn't have to rapidly flip between 6 different intervals to get the full picture?
Yeah, me too. Do you also wish that you kind of understood how the shift / unshift function works for arrays?
Yeah, I did too. Both of those birds are taken care of with one stone!
The Consolidated Interval Display uses the new Array structure and security to display data for 5m, 15m, 45m, 1h, 4h and 1d intervals SIMUTANEOUSLY! Regardless of which interval you're looking at you can get the full picture of numerical data without flipping around to get it.
This is my first script trying to use arrays. It basically shows the following for the given ticker:
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP at the 5 minute level.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP at the 15 minute level.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP at the 45 minute level.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP at the 1 hour level.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP at the 4 hour level.
ATR14, RSI7, RSI14, SMA50, SMA200 and VWAP at the 1 day level.
To make it more or less busy, I've allowed you to toggle off any of the levels you wish. I've also chosen to leave this as open source, as it's nothing too experimental, and I hope that it can gain some traction as an Array example that the public can use! If you don't like the different values that are shown, use this source code example as a spring-board to put values that you do care about onto the labels.
If this code has helped you at all please drop me a like or some constructive criticism if you do not think it's worth a like.
Good luck and happy trading friends.
If this gets traction, I will post something similar for a combination of SPY, VIX, GOLD, QQQ, IWM and TLT. Indicator
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