KAMA Trend Flip - SightLing LabsBuckle up, traders—this open-source KAMA Trend Flip indicator is your ticket to sniping trend reversals with a Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) that’s sharper than a Wall Street shark’s tooth. No voodoo, no fluff—just raw, volatility-adaptive math that dances with the market’s rhythm. It zips through trending rockets and chills in choppy waters, slashing false signals like a samurai. Not laggy like the others - this thing is the real deal!
Core Mechanics:
• Efficiency Ratio (ER): Reads the market’s pulse (0-1). High ER = turbo-charged MA, low ER = smooth operator.
• Adaptive Smoothing: Mixes fast (default power 2) and slow (default 30) constants to match market mood swings.
• Trend Signals: KAMA climbs = blue uptrend (bulls run wild). KAMA dips = yellow downtrend (bears take over). Flat = gray snooze-fest.
• Alerts: Instant pings on flips—“Trend Flip Up” for long plays, “Down” for shorts. Plug into bots for set-and-forget domination.
Why It Crushes:
• Smokes static MAs in volatile arenas (crypto, stocks, you name it). Backtests show 20-30% fewer fakeouts than SMA50.
• Visual Pop: Overlays price with bold blue/yellow signals. Slap it on BTC 1D to see trends light up like Times Square.
• Tweakable: Dial ER length (default 50) to your timeframe. Short for scalps, long for swing trades.
Example Settings in Action:
• 10s Chart (Hyper-Scalping): Set Source: Close, ER Length: 100, Fast Power: 1, Slow Power: 6. Catches micro-trends in crypto like a heat-seeking missile. Blue/yellow flips scream entry/exit on fast moves.
• 2m Chart (Quick Trades): Set Source: Close, ER Length: 14, Fast Power: 1, Slow Power: 6. Perfect for rapid trend shifts in stocks or forex. Signals align with momentum bursts—check historical flips for proof.
Deployment:
• Drop it on any chart. Backtest settings to match your asset’s volatility—tweak until it sings.
• Pair with RSI or volume spikes for killer confirmation. Pro move: Enter on flip + volume pop, exit on reverse.
• Strategy-Ready: Slap long/short logic on alerts to build a lean, mean trading machine.
Open source from SightLing Labs—grab it, hack it, profit from it. Share your tweaks in the comments and let’s outsmart the market together. Trade hard, win big!
Indicator
Kaufman Trend Strength Signal█ Overview
Kaufman Trend Strength Signal is an advanced trend detection tool that decomposes price action into its underlying directional trend and localized oscillation using a vector-based Kalman Filter.
By integrating adaptive smoothing and dynamic weighting via a weighted moving average (WMA), this indicator provides real-time insight into both trend direction and trend strength — something standard moving averages often fail to capture.
The core model assumes that observed price consists of two components:
(1) a directional trend, and
(2) localized noise or oscillation.
Using a two-step Predict & Update cycle, the filter continuously refines its trend estimate as new market data becomes available.
█ How It Works
This indicator employs a Kalman Filter model that separates the trend from short-term fluctuations in a price series.
Predict & Update Cycle : With each new bar, the filter predicts the price state and updates that prediction using the latest observed price, producing a smooth but adaptive trend line.
Trend Strength Normalization : Internally, the oscillator component is normalized against recent values (N periods) to calculate a trend strength score between -100 and +100.
(Note: The oscillator is not plotted on the chart but is used for signal generation.)
Filtered MA Line : The trend component is plotted as a smooth Kalman Filter-based moving average (MA) line on the main chart.
Threshold Cross Signals : When the internal trend strength crosses a user-defined threshold (default: ±60), visual entry arrows are displayed to signal momentum shifts.
█ Key Features
Adaptive Trend Estimation : Real-time filtering that adjusts dynamically to market changes.
Visual Buy/Sell Signals : Entry arrows appear when the trend strength crosses above or below the configured threshold.
Built-in Range Filter : The MA line turns blue when trend strength is weak (|value| < 10), helping you filter out choppy, sideways conditions.
█ How to Use
Trend Detection :
• Green MA = bullish trend
• Red MA = bearish trend
• Blue MA = no trend / ranging market
Entry Signals :
• Green triangle = trend strength crossed above +Threshold → potential bullish entry
• Red triangle = trend strength crossed below -Threshold → potential bearish entry
█ Settings
Entry Threshold : Level at which the trend strength triggers entry signals (default: 60)
Process Noise 1 & 2 : Control the filter’s responsiveness to recent price action. Higher = more reactive; lower = smoother.
Measurement Noise : Sets how much the filter "trusts" price data. High = smoother MA, low = faster response but more noise.
Trend Lookback (N2) : Number of bars used to normalize trend strength. Lower = more sensitive; higher = more stable.
Trend Smoothness (R2) : WMA smoothing applied to the trend strength calculation.
█ Visual Guide
Green MA Line → Bullish trend
Red MA Line → Bearish trend
Blue MA Line → Sideways/range
Green Triangle → Entry signal (trend strengthening)
Red Triangle → Entry signal (trend weakening)
█ Best Practices
In high-volatility conditions, increase Measurement Noise to reduce false signals.
Combine with other indicators (e.g., RSI, MACD, EMA) for confirmation and filtering.
Adjust "Entry Threshold" and noise settings depending on your timeframe and trading style.
❗ Disclaimer
This script is provided for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice or a recommendation to buy/sell any asset.
Trading involves risk. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
Always perform your own analysis and use proper risk management when trading. Indicator
Strategy
Trailing Monster StrategyTrailing Monster Strategy
This is an experimental trend-following strategy that incorporates a custom adaptive moving average (PKAMA), RSI-based momentum filtering, and dynamic trailing stop-loss logic. It is designed for educational and research purposes only, and may require further optimization or risk management considerations prior to live deployment.
Strategy Logic
The strategy attempts to participate in sustained price trends by combining:
- A Power Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (PKAMA) for dynamic trend detection,
- RSI and Simple Moving Average (SMA) filters for market condition confirmation,
- A delayed trailing stop-loss to manage exits once a trade is in profit.
Entry Conditions
Long Entry:
- RSI exceeds the overbought threshold (default: 70),
- Price is trading above the 200-period SMA,
- PKAMA slope is positive (indicating upward momentum),
- A minimum number of bars have passed since the last entry.
Short Entry:
- RSI falls below the oversold threshold (default: 30),
- Price is trading below the 200-period SMA,
- PKAMA slope is negative (indicating downward momentum),
-A minimum number of bars have passed since the last entry.
Exit Conditions
- A trailing stop-loss is applied once the position has been open for a user-defined number of bars.
- The trailing distance is calculated as a fixed percentage of the average entry price.
Technical Notes
This script implements a custom version of the Power Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (PKAMA), conceptually inspired by alexgrover’s public implementation on PulseWire .
Unlike traditional moving averages, PKAMA dynamically adjusts its responsiveness based on recent market volatility, allowing it to better capture trend changes in fast-moving assets like altcoins.
Disclaimer
This strategy is provided for educational purposes only.
It is not financial advice, and no guarantee of profitability is implied.
Always conduct thorough backtesting and forward testing before using any strategy in a live environment.
Adjust inputs based on your individual risk tolerance, asset class, and trading style.
Feedback is encouraged. You are welcome to fork and modify this script to suit your own preferences and market approach.
Strategy
Strategy
Fourier Transformed & Kalman Filtered EMA Crossover [Mattes]The Fourier Transformed & Kalman Filtered EMA Crossover (FTKF EMAC) is a trend-following indicator that leverages Fourier Transform approximation, Kalman Filtration, and two Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) of different lengths to provide accurate and smooth market trend signals. By combining these three components, it captures the underlying market cycles, reduces noise, and produces actionable insights, making it suitable for detecting both emerging trends and confirming existing ones.
TECHNICALITIES:
>>> The Fourier Transform approximation is designed to identify dominant cyclical patterns in price action by focusing on key frequencies, while filtering out noise and less significant movements. It emphasizes the most meaningful price cycles, enabling the indicator to isolate important trends while ignoring minor fluctuations. This cyclical awareness adds an extra layer of depth to trend detection, allowing the EMAs to work with a cleaner and more reliable data set.
>>> The Kalman Filter adds dynamic noise reduction, adjusting its predictions of future price trends based on past and current data. As new price data comes in, the filter recalibrates itself to ensure that the price action remains smooth and devoid of erratic movements. This real-time adjustment is key to minimizing lag while avoiding false signals, which ensures that the EMAs react to more accurate and stable market data. The Kalman Filter’s ability to smooth price data without losing sensitivity to trend changes complements the Fourier approximation, ensuring a high level of precision in volatile and stable market environments.
>>> The EMA Crossover involves using two EMAs: a shorter EMA that reacts quickly to price movements and a longer EMA that responds more slowly. The shorter EMA is responsible for capturing immediate market shifts, detecting potential bullish or bearish trends. The longer EMA smooths out price fluctuations and provides trend confirmation, working with the shorter EMA to ensure the signals are reliable. When the shorter EMA crosses above the longer EMA, it indicates a bullish trend, likewise when it goes below the longer EMA, it signals a bearish trend. This setup provides a clear way to track market direction, with color-coded signals (green for bullish, red for bearish) for visual clarity. The flexibility of adjusting the EMA periods allows traders to fine-tune the indicator to their preferred timeframe and strategy, making it adaptable to different market conditions.
|-> A key technical aspect is that the first EMA should always be shorter than the second one. If the first EMA is longer than the second, the tool’s effectiveness is compromised because the faster EMA is designed to signal long conditions, while the longer one is made for signaling a bearish trend. Reversing their roles would lead to delayed or confused signals, reducing the indicator’s ability to detect trend shifts early and making it less efficient in volatile markets. This is the only key weakness of the indicator, failure to submit to this rule will result in confusion.
>>> These components work together like a clock to create a comprehensive and effective trend-following system. The Fourier approximation highlights key cyclical movements, the Kalman Filter refines these movements by removing noise, and the EMAs interpret the filtered data to generate actionable trend signals. Each component enhances the next, ensuring that the final output is both responsive and reliable, with minimal false signals or lag. creating an indicator using widespread concepts which haven't been combined before.
Summary
This indicator combines Fourier Transform approximation, Kalman Filtration, and two EMAs of different lengths to deliver accurate and timely trend-following signals. The Fourier approximation identifies dominant market cycles, while the Kalman Filter dynamically removes noise and refines the price data in real time. The two EMAs then use this filtered data to generate buy and sell signals based on their crossovers. The shorter EMA reacts quickly to price changes, while the longer EMA provides smoother trend confirmation. The components work in synergy to capture trends with minimal false signals or lag, ensuring traders can act promptly on market shifts. Customizable EMA periods make the tool adaptable to different market conditions, enhancing its versatility for various trading strategies.
To use the indicator, traders should adjust the EMA lengths based on their timeframe and strategy, ensuring that the shorter EMA remains shorter than the longer EMA to preserve the tool’s responsiveness. The color-coded signals offer visual clarity, making it easy to identify potential entry and exit points. This confluence of Fourier, Kalman, and EMA methodologies provides a smooth, highly effective trend-following tool that excels in both trending and ranging markets. Indicator
Adaptive MA Scalping StrategyAdaptive MA Scalping Strategy
The Adaptive MA Scalping Strategy is an innovative trading approach that merges the strengths of the Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) with the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) histogram. This combination results in a momentum-adaptive moving average that dynamically adjusts to market conditions, providing traders with timely and reliable signals.
How It Works
Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA): Unlike traditional moving averages, KAMA adjusts its sensitivity based on market volatility. It becomes more responsive during trending markets and less sensitive during periods of consolidation, effectively filtering out market noise.
MACD Histogram Integration: The strategy incorporates the MACD histogram, a momentum indicator that measures the difference between a fast and a slow exponential moving average (EMA). By adding the MACD histogram values to the KAMA, the strategy creates a new line—the momentum-adaptive moving average (MOMA)—which captures both trend direction and momentum.
Signal Generation:
Long Entry: The strategy enters a long position when the closing price crosses above the MOMA. This indicates a potential upward momentum shift.
Exit Position: The position is closed when the closing price crosses below the MOMA, signaling a potential decline in momentum.
Cloud Calculation Detail
The MOMA is calculated by adding the MACD histogram value to the KAMA of the price. This addition effectively adjusts the KAMA based on the momentum indicated by the MACD histogram. When momentum is strong, the MACD histogram will have higher values, causing the MOMA to adjust accordingly and provide earlier entry or exit signals.
Performance on Stocks
This strategy has demonstrated excellent performance on stocks when applied to the 1-hour timeframe. Its adaptive nature allows it to respond swiftly to market changes, capturing profitable trends while minimizing the impact of false signals caused by market noise. The combination of KAMA's adaptability and MACD's momentum detection makes it particularly effective in volatile market conditions commonly seen in stock trading.
Key Parameters
KAMA Length (malen): Determines the sensitivity of the KAMA. A length of 100 is used to balance responsiveness with noise reduction.
MACD Fast Length (fast): Sets the period for the fast EMA in the MACD calculation. A value of 24 helps in capturing short-term momentum changes.
MACD Slow Length (slow): Sets the period for the slow EMA in the MACD calculation. A value of 52 smooths out longer-term trends.
MACD Signal Length (signal): Determines the period for the signal line in the MACD calculation. An 18-period signal line is used for timely crossovers.
Advantages of the Strategy
Adaptive to Market Conditions: By adjusting to both volatility and momentum, the strategy remains effective across different market phases.
Enhanced Signal Accuracy: The fusion of KAMA and MACD reduces false signals, improving the accuracy of trade entries and exits.
Simplicity in Execution: With straightforward entry and exit rules based on price crossovers, the strategy is user-friendly for traders at all experience levels Strategy
KAMA Cloud STIndicator:
Description:
The KAMA Cloud indicator is a sophisticated trading tool designed to provide traders with insights into market trends and their intensity. This indicator is built on the Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), which dynamically adjusts its sensitivity to filter out market noise and respond to significant price movements. The KAMA Cloud leverages multiple KAMAs to gauge trend direction and strength, offering a visual representation that is easy to interpret.
How It Works:
The KAMA Cloud uses twenty different KAMA calculations, each set to a distinct lookback period ranging from 5 to 100. These KAMAs are calculated using the average of the open, high, low, and close prices (OHLC4), ensuring a balanced view of price action. The relative positioning of these KAMAs helps determine the direction of the market trend and its momentum.
By measuring the cumulative relative distance between these KAMAs, the indicator effectively assesses the overall trend strength, akin to how the Average True Range (ATR) measures market volatility. This cumulative measure helps in identifying the trend’s robustness and potential sustainability.
The visualization component of the KAMA Cloud is particularly insightful. It plots a 'cloud' formed between the base KAMA (set at a 100-period lookback) and an adjusted KAMA that incorporates the cumulative relative distance scaled up. This cloud changes color based on the trend direction — green for upward trends and red for downward trends, providing a clear, visual representation of market conditions.
How the Strategy Works:
The KAMA Cloud ST strategy employs multiple KAMA calculations with varying lengths to capture the nuances of market trends. It measures the relative distances between these KAMAs to determine the trend's direction and strength, much like the original indicator. The strategy enhances decision-making by plotting a 'cloud' formed between the base KAMA (set to a 100-period lookback) and an adjusted KAMA that scales according to the cumulative relative distance of all KAMAs.
Key Components of the Strategy:
Multiple KAMA Layers: The strategy calculates KAMAs for periods ranging from 5 to 100 to analyze short to long-term market trends.
Dynamic Cloud: The cloud visually represents the trend’s strength and direction, updating in real-time as the market evolves.
Signal Generation: Trade signals are generated based on the orientation of the cloud relative to a smoothed version of the upper KAMA boundary. Long positions are initiated when the market trend is upward, and the current cloud value is above its smoothed average. Conversely, positions are closed when the trend reverses, indicated by the cloud falling below the smoothed average.
Suggested Usage:
Market: Stocks, not cryptocurrency
Timeframe: 1 Hour
Indicator:
Strategy
KAMA CloudDescription:
The KAMA Cloud indicator is a sophisticated trading tool designed to provide traders with insights into market trends and their intensity. This indicator is built on the Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), which dynamically adjusts its sensitivity to filter out market noise and respond to significant price movements. The KAMA Cloud leverages multiple KAMAs to gauge trend direction and strength, offering a visual representation that is easy to interpret.
How It Works:
The KAMA Cloud uses twenty different KAMA calculations, each set to a distinct lookback period ranging from 5 to 100. These KAMAs are calculated using the average of the open, high, low, and close prices (OHLC4), ensuring a balanced view of price action. The relative positioning of these KAMAs helps determine the direction of the market trend and its momentum.
By measuring the cumulative relative distance between these KAMAs, the indicator effectively assesses the overall trend strength, akin to how the Average True Range (ATR) measures market volatility. This cumulative measure helps in identifying the trend’s robustness and potential sustainability.
The visualization component of the KAMA Cloud is particularly insightful. It plots a 'cloud' formed between the base KAMA (set at a 100-period lookback) and an adjusted KAMA that incorporates the cumulative relative distance scaled up. This cloud changes color based on the trend direction — green for upward trends and red for downward trends, providing a clear, visual representation of market conditions.
Benefits:
Dynamic Sensitivity: By adapting to the market's volatility, KAMA provides more reliable signals than traditional moving averages.
Trend Clarity: The color-coded cloud visually enhances the perception of the trend’s direction and strength, making it easier for traders to decide on their trading strategy.
Versatility: Suitable for various asset classes, including stocks, forex, commodities, and cryptocurrencies, across different timeframes.
Decision Support: Helps traders understand not just the direction but the strength of trends, aiding in more informed decision-making regarding entries, exits, and risk management.
Usage:
The KAMA Cloud is ideal for traders who need a robust trend-following tool that adjusts according to market dynamics. It can be used as a standalone indicator or in conjunction with other technical analysis tools to enhance trading strategies. Look for the cloud’s color shifts as potential signals for trend reversals or continuations, and consider the cloud’s thickness as an indication of trend strength.
Whether you are a day trader, swing trader, or long-term investor, the KAMA Cloud offers a unique approach to understanding market trends, helping you navigate the complexities of various market conditions with confidence. Indicator
Indicator
Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) Strategy [TradeDots]"The Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) Strategy" is a trend-following system that leverages the adaptive qualities of the Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA). This strategy is distinguished by its ability to adjust dynamically to market volatility, enhancing trading accuracy by minimizing the effects of false and delayed signals often associated with the Simple Moving Average (SMA).
HOW IT WORKS
This strategy is centered around use of the Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) indicator, which refines the principles of the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) with a superior smoothing technique.
KAMA distinguishes itself by its responsiveness to changes in market prices through an "Efficiency Ratio (ER)." This ratio is computed by dividing the recent absolute net price change by the cumulative sum of the absolute price changes over a specified period. The resulting ER value ranges between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates high market noise and 1 reflects stronger market momentum.
Using ER, we could get the smoothing constant (SC) for the moving average derived using the following formula:
fastest = 2/(fastma_length + 1)
slowest = 2/(slowma_length + 1)
SC = math.pow((ER * (fastest-slowest) + slowest), 2)
The KAMA line is then calculated by applying the SC to the difference between the current price and the previous KAMA.
APPLICATION
For entering long positions, this strategy initializes when there is a sequence of 10 consecutive rising KAMA lines. Conversely, a sequence of 10 consecutive falling KAMA lines triggers sell orders for long positions. The same logic applies inversely for short positions.
DEFAULT SETUP
Commission: 0.01%
Initial Capital: $10,000
Equity per Trade: 80%
Users are advised to adjust and personalize this trading strategy to better match their individual trading preferences and style.
RISK DISCLAIMER
Trading entails substantial risk, and most day traders incur losses. All content, tools, scripts, articles, and education provided by TradeDots serve purely informational and educational purposes. Past performances are not definitive predictors of future results. Strategy
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kama
█ Description
An adaptive indicator could be defined as market conditions following indicator, in summary, the parameter of the indicator would be adjusted to fit its optimum value to the current price action. KAMA, Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average, an adaptive trendline indicator developed by Perry J. Kaufman, with the notion of using the fastest trend possible based on the smallest calculation period for the existing market conditions, by applying an exponential smoothing formula to vary the speed of the trend (changing smoothing constant each period), as cited from Trading Systems and Methods p.g. 780 (Perry J. Kaufman). In this indicator, the proposed notion is on the Efficiency Ratio within the computation of KAMA, which will use a Dominant Cycle instead, an adaptive filter developed by John F. Ehlers, on determining the n periods, aiming to achieve an optimum lookback period, with respect to the original Efficiency Ratio calculation period of less than 14, and 8 to 10 is preferable.
█ Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average
kama_ = kama + smoothing_constant * (price - kama )
where:
price = current price (source)
smoothing_constant = (efficiency_ratio * (fastest - slowest) + slowest)^2
fastest = 2/(fastest length + 1)
slowest = 2/(slowest length + 1)
efficiency_ratio = price - price /sum(abs(src - src , int(dominant_cycle))
█ Feature
The indicator will have a specified default parameter of: length = 14; fast_length = 2; slow_length = 30; hp_period = 48; source = ohlc4
KAMA trendline i.e. output value if price above the trendline and trendline indicates with green color, consider to buy/long position
while, if the price is below the trendline and the trendline indicates red color, consider to sell/short position
Hysteresis Band
Bar Color
other example
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VHF Adaptive Linear Regression KAMAIntroduction
Heyo, in this indicator I decided to add VHF adaptivness, linear regression and smoothing to a KAMA in order to squeeze all out of it.
KAMA:
Developed by Perry Kaufman, Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA) is a moving average designed to account for market noise or volatility. KAMA will closely follow prices when the price swings are relatively small and the noise is low. KAMA will adjust when the price swings widen and follow prices from a greater distance. This trend-following indicator can be used to identify the overall trend, time turning points and filter price movements.
VHF:
Vertical Horizontal Filter (VHF) was created by Adam White to identify trending and ranging markets. VHF measures the level of trend activity, similar to ADX DI. Vertical Horizontal Filter does not, itself, generate trading signals, but determines whether signals are taken from trend or momentum indicators. Using this trend information, one is then able to derive an average cycle length.
Linear Regression Curve:
A line that best fits the prices specified over a user-defined time period.
This is very good to eliminate bad crosses of KAMA and the pric.
Usage
You can use this indicator on every timeframe I think. I mostly tested it on 1 min, 5 min and 15 min.
Signals
Enter Long -> crossover(close, kama) and crossover(kama, kama )
Enter Short -> crossunder(close, kama) and crossunder(kama, kama )
Thanks for checking this out!
--
Credits to
▪️@cheatcountry – Hann Window Smoohing
▪️@loxx – VHF and T3
▪️@LucF – Gradient
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Strategy
JFD-Adaptive, GKYZ-Filtered KAMA [Loxx]JFD-Adaptive, GKYZ-Filtered KAMA is a Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average with the option to make it Jurik Fractal Dimension Adaptive. This also includes a Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang Historical Volatility Filter to reduce noise.
What is KAMA?
Developed by Perry Kaufman, Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average ( KAMA ) is a moving average designed to account for market noise or volatility . KAMA will closely follow prices when the price swings are relatively small and the noise is low. KAMA will adjust when the price swings widen and follow prices from a greater distance. This trend-following indicator can be used to identify the overall trend, time turning points and filter price movements.
What is Jurik Fractal Dimension?
There is a weak and a strong way to measure the random quality of a time series.
The weak way is to use the random walk index ( RWI ). You can download it from the Omega web site. It makes the assumption that the market is moving randomly with an average distance D per move and proposes an amount the market should have changed over N bars of time. If the market has traveled less, then the action is considered random, otherwise it's considered trending.
The problem with this method is that taking the average distance is valid for a Normal (Gaussian) distribution of price activity. However, price action is rarely Normal, with large price jumps occuring much more frequently than a Normal distribution would expect. Consequently, big jumps throw the RWI way off, producing invalid results.
The strong way is to not make any assumption regarding the distribution of price changes and, instead, measure the fractal dimension of the time series. Fractal Dimension requires a lot of data to be accurate. If you are trading 30 minute bars, use a multi-chart where this indicator is running on 5 minute bars and you are trading on 30 minute bars.
What is Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang Historical Volatility?
Yang and Zhang derived an extension to the Garman Klass historical volatility estimator that allows for opening jumps. It assumes Brownian motion with zero drift. This is currently the preferred version of open-high-low-close volatility estimator for zero drift and has an efficiency of 8 times the classic close-to-close estimator. Note that when the drift is nonzero, but instead relative large to the volatility , this estimator will tend to overestimate the volatility . The Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang Historical Volatility calculation is as follows:
GKYZHV = sqrt((Z/n) * sum((log(open(k)/close( k-1 )))^2 + (0.5*(log(high(k)/low(k)))^2) - (2*log(2) - 1)*(log(close(k)/open(2:end)))^2))
Included
Alerts
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Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Bar coloring
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