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FunctionDynamicTimeWarpingLibrary "FunctionDynamicTimeWarping"
"In time series analysis, dynamic time warping (DTW) is an algorithm for
measuring similarity between two temporal sequences, which may vary in
speed. For instance, similarities in walking could be detected using DTW,
even if one person was walking faster than the other, or if there were
accelerations and decelerations during the course of an observation.
DTW has been applied to temporal sequences of video, audio, and graphics
data — indeed, any data that can be turned into a linear sequence can be
analyzed with DTW. A well-known application has been automatic speech
recognition, to cope with different speaking speeds. Other applications
include speaker recognition and online signature recognition.
It can also be used in partial shape matching applications."
"Dynamic time warping is used in finance and econometrics to assess the
quality of the prediction versus real-world data."
~~ wikipedia
reference:
en.wikipedia.org
towardsdatascience.com
github.com
cost_matrix(a, b, w)
Dynamic Time Warping procedure.
Parameters:
a : array, data series.
b : array, data series.
w : int , minimum window size.
Returns: matrix optimum match matrix.
traceback(M)
perform a backtrace on the cost matrix and retrieve optimal paths and cost between arrays.
Parameters:
M : matrix, cost matrix.
Returns: tuple:
array aligned 1st array of indices.
array aligned 2nd array of indices.
float final cost.
reference:
github.com
report(a, b, w)
report ordered arrays, cost and cost matrix.
Parameters:
a : array, data series.
b : array, data series.
w : int , minimum window size.
Returns: string report. Library
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Swing ComparatorHere I bring you an array of methods to compare the swings and consistency between assets.
This indicator is excellent for swing traders and scalpers looking to maximize their profits by examining which of two closely related pairs provides greater price fluctuation during given period.
This indicator works against two assets, which are to be configured in settings.
This indicator has 5 particular plots for you to examine, each which can be considered for you to contemplate which pair for you to next perform a trade on.
First off, let's start with the blue.
The blue is simply a pearson correlation coefficient, thankfully now included in pulsewire. This provides a value of 1 as values show to be close correlation, 0 showing no correlation, and -1 showing negative correlation - meaning an increase in one pair correlates to a decrease in another pair. This will turn green when greater than 0.975, showing a very strong relationship between the two pairs, and red when below -0.975. This is the only plot to be interpreted on a scale from -1 to +1.
Next, we have the purple and yellow background plots, followed by the white and green moving averages. Though similar, these are all slightly different.
For each of these 4 plots, a value greater than 0 indicates greater price swings for your Symbol #1, while a value less than 0 indicates greater price swings for Symbol #2.
These calculations are performed on a per bar basis, meaning you're likely going to be examining bars longer than what you'll normally be trading on. Use confluence, as well as your own judgement for this.
For example, if symbol #1 provides a bar with an open value 1% greater or less than close, providing a 1% swing on a given bar, but symbol #2 provides 2%, the indicator will fall down toward the negative, as Symbol #2 had the greater swing.
First, yellow focuses on only open/close bar values, and thus the body of the candlestick.
Purple, on the other hand, focuses on the wicks of the candle - thus, the high/low values. I've opted to make these two different values as a wick focuses on the embodiment within the time period, and body focuses on the open/close instant.
Next, the green is an extended EMA of the purple - High/Low ratio. This is important to examine trend overtime, and reduce unneeded noise.
Lastly, the white is simply difference in the standard deviation of the particular bars, between the two symbols you have selected. The tends to usually tie up with the green pretty well.
Considering this is going to by nature be very noisy datasets, I have included in settings the option to extend an EMA for everything. They have their default settings, but if you'd like to examine the trend without an EMA, feel free to set it to 1 to eliminate its effects.
I have additionally added the ability to introduce clipping, as well as scale the correlation coefficient to remain visible when examining very short term time scales. In the future, I hope to properly normalize all plots to remain within a -1 to +1 basis. Please be patient as I have multiple projects ongoing.
Suggestions and constructive criticism are very well encouraged.
Anyone is welcome to utilize this in their code, as well, i just ask you provide credit.
As you reduce to time frames less than a day, you will likely have to reduce the coefficient min/max closer to 0.025, or just hide it entirely.
TODO:
Make it look better. Sorry, folks.
Introduce latency between pairs.
Examine significance of a coefficient of determination
Remove static weights and introduce z-score and linear normalization.
Consider adding room for a 3rd pair. This could get ugly, however.
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Relative Normalized VolatilityThere are plenty of indicators that aim to measure the volatility (degree of variation) in the price of an instrument, the most well known being the average true range and the rolling standard deviation. Volatility indicators form the key components of most bands and trailing stops indicators, but can also be used to normalize oscillators, they are therefore extremely versatile.
Today proposed indicator aim to compare the estimated volatility of two instruments in order to provide various informations to the user, especially about risk and profitability.
CALCULATION
The relative normalized volatility (RNV) indicator is the ratio between the moving average of the absolute normalized price changes value of two securities, that is:
SMA(|Δ(a)/σ(a)|)
―――――――――――
SMA(|Δ(b)/σ(b)|)
Where a and b are two different securities (note that notation "Δ(x)" refer to the 1st difference of x, and the "||" notation is used to indicate absolute value, for example "|x|" means absolute value of x) .
INTERPRETATION
The indicator aim tell us which security is more volatile between a and b , with a value of the indicator greater than 1 indicating that a is on average more volatile than b over the last length period, while a value lower than 1 indicating that the security b is more on average volatile than a .
The indicator use the current symbol as a , while the second security b must be defined in the setting window (by default the S&P500). Risk and profitability are closely related to volatility, as larger price variations could potentially mean larger losses (but also larger gains), therefore a value of the indicator greater than 1 can indicate that it could be more risked (and profitable) to trade security a .
RNV using AMD (top) volatility against Intel (bottom) volatility.
RNV using EURUSD (top) volatility against USDJPY (bottom) volatility.
Larger values of length will make the indicator fluctuate less often around 1. You can also plot the logarithm of the ratio instead in order to have the indicator centered around 0, it will also help make values originally below 1 have more importance in the scale.
POSSIBLE ERRORS
If you compare different types of markets the indicator might return NaN values, this is because one market might be closed, for example if you compare AMD against BTCUSD with the indicator you will get NaN values. If you really need to compare two markets then increase your time frame, else use an histogram or area plot in order to have a cleaner plot.
CONCLUSION
An original indicator comparing the volatility between two securities has been presented. The choice of posting a volatility indicator has been made by my twitter followers, so if you want to decide which type of indicator i should do next make sure to check my twitter to see if there are polls available (i should do one after every posted indicator).
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KLemurs DeviationMarket: Stocks and ETF's
This overlay shows the deviation of the exponential moving average of the mid candle price of the currently loaded chart, away from the exponential moving average of the S&P and DOW combined and averaged mid candle price. The top and bottom lines also give a visual perspective of what a certain percentage (default 1%) looks like on the current charts window. This may help with making quick decisions for things like setting trailing stop trades with a percentage. This can be used for stocks, ETF's, and index's and It may be useful in finding potential stocks or ETF's if you are interested in these kinds of deviations. Defaults are set for a dark screen but can be edited to your taste. It's optimized to be an overlay on the current chart window as opposed to being a separate window.
Percentage Lines (editable)
This is three lines. The upper line (default green) plots the set percentage (default 1%) above the current chart’s ema. The middle line (default white) plots the current chart’s ema. The lower line (default red) plots the set percentage (default 1%) below the current chart’s ema.
Deviation Band (editable)
This is the colored band on the overlay between the upper and lower percentage lines. The band’s fill color indicates the deviation of the current charts ema from the ema of the combined S&P and DOW’s ema as follows:
- Red (default) = Current Chart’s ema is descending and the S&P/DOW ema is descending OR the Current Chart’s ema is below (underperforming) the S&P/DOW ema.
- Orange (default) = The Current Chart and S&P/DOW ema’s are both either ascending or descending together.
- Green (default) = The Current Chart’s ema is ascending but the S&P/DOW ema is descending.
To Set Line Colors
BY default, the upper line color uses the same colors as the ascending band color and the lower line uses the same color as the descending band color. To set the line colors, see "plotColor", "plotColorUp", or" plotColorDown" in variable settings within the script or use the “Central Plot Line”, “Upper Plot Line, or “Lower Plot Line” in the input dialogue to change this.
To Set Band Colors
To set the band colors, see "plotColor", "plotColorUp", or "plotColorDown" in variable settings within the script or use the “Color0”, “Color1", or “Color2” in the input dialogue to change this.
To Set EMA Lookback Period
The ema lookback period defaults to 5. This is the number of candles back that the script will use to determine the ema. See “CCemaN” in variable settings within the script or use the “EMA Period” in the input dialogue to change this.
To Set Percentage
To set the percentage that plots the upper and lower lines, see "CCP" in variable settings within the script or use “Upper/Lower Bands Percentage” in the input dialogue to change this. The default is .01 (or 1%).
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WT_BTC_Dow Jones_2019[wozdux]Comparison of two trading instruments using the indicator. Visual comparison often does not provide complete information. The scale and amplitude of the fluctuations of the two trading pairs are very different. Therefore, it is better to compare indicators from these pairs. I have used for this purpose, the speed indicator of price movement wt. The red line is the wt indicator from the trading instrument that is in the main window. The blue line is an indicator from the pair, which is written in the indicator settings. In addition, the calculation periods for each pair can be taken as the same or different. Often, trading pairs do not fluctuate synchronously, so it is necessary to select the periods of calculation of the wt indicator individually. In this example, Dow Jones and bitcoin were used.
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Сравнение двух торговых инструментов с помощью индикатора. Визуальное сравнение часто не дает полной информации. Масштаб и амплитуда колебаний двух торговых пар бывают сильно различаются. Поэтому сравнивать лучше индикаторы от данных пар. Я использовала для этой цели индикатор скорости движения цены wt. Красная линия это индикатор wt от того торгового инструмента, который находится в главном окне. Синяя линия это индикатор от пары, которая прописывается в настройках индикатора. Кроме того, периоды вычислений для каждой пары можно брать как одинаковые, так и разные. Часто торговые пары колеблются не синхронно, поэтому стоит подбирать периоды вычислений индикатора WT индивидуально. В данном примере использовался Доу Джонс и биткоин. Indicator
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