Burst Size Flow Divergence Large vs Small CVDOverview
A single cumulative-delta line tells you net buying or selling, but hides who is doing the pushing. Burst-Size Flow Divergence splits the flow inside each bar by the size of each volume burst — small / medium / large sub-intervals — and runs a separate signed delta on each tier. The signal is the divergence between the large-burst delta and the small-burst delta: concentrated bursts leaning one way while trickle flow leans the other. It is a flow-structure read, not a signal to trade alone.
What this is — and is NOT (read this before using)
This measures activity-burst size, not per-trade size. Pine cannot see individual trades — it sees a bar's volume and, via lower-timeframe requests, the volume of each sub-interval within the bar. "Large" here means a sub-interval that printed a lot of volume relative to normal — not a large single trade, and not "institutional." Institutions deliberately slice big orders into many small child-orders, so burst size is a proxy, not proof of who is behind the flow. The classification is honest about this, and the built-in harness is there precisely to test whether the divergence carries any information rather than to assert that it does.
Why these components are ONE tool (mashup justification)
Each stage exists because the previous one is ambiguous on its own:
Intrabar bucketing. Each lower-timeframe sub-bar is classed small/medium/large by its volume against an adaptive average, so "large" means large for this symbol and session, not a fixed lot count. A fixed threshold would misclassify on every instrument and every volatility regime.
Per-tier directional imbalance. Each tier gets its own signed delta (up sub-bar → +volume, down → −volume), expressed as net ÷ gross in — what fraction of that tier was net buying versus selling. Normalising this way lets the tiers' directions be compared apples-to-apples even though the large tier moves far less total volume than the small one.
The divergence. The large-minus-small spread is the object. Three separate delta lines would just be clutter to eyeball; the disagreement between the concentrated and the trickle flow is the actual read, so the tool computes it directly.
The calibration harness. "Concentrated bursts are informed" is a hypothesis, not a law — so when the spread is strong, the harness checks forward whether price actually followed the large tier more than the unconditional base rate, and reports Hit / Base / Edge on confirmed bars. That's what turns the divergence from a story into something you can verify on your instrument.
How it works
For each chart bar the finest available sub-bars are requested. Each is signed by close-versus-open (a tick-rule aggressor proxy) and bucketed by volume against the adaptive average. Per-tier signed volume becomes a net÷gross imbalance in , the large-minus-small spread is smoothed into the oscillator, and a strong gated spread is the divergence signal.
How to use it
Read the histogram (the large-minus-small spread): green means large bursts are accumulating while small flow lags or sells; red means large bursts are distributing. The bold line is the large-tier imbalance, the faint line the small tier. A gated turn in the spread suggests concentrated flow is leading, and is marked in the pane and — optionally — on the price chart. Always check the Coverage row (how much real sub-bar resolution the current bar received) and the Edge row (whether the divergence has actually led on this instrument). It is never a standalone trigger.
Plan-adaptive & data note
Sub-bar precision auto-selects the finest your plan serves (seconds on Premium+, else 1-minute). Lower-timeframe data exists only for recent bars, so older bars fall back to whole-bar flow and the coverage read shows it. The tool needs an instrument with real volume — a cash index reports none, so use the futures. The adaptive average and the calibration harness advance only on confirmed bars, so they never drift or inflate intrabar. Edge is in-sample, no costs — a study aid, not a backtest.
Originality
The parts are public: cumulative volume delta, the close-vs-open (tick-rule) aggressor proxy, and the general idea of size-partitioned / flow-toxicity order flow. What's assembled here is the specific construction — the adaptive intrabar size-tiering, the net÷gross per-tier imbalance that makes tiers of very different volume directly comparable, the large-minus-small divergence as the headline object, and the forward-calibration harness that scores it against the base rate. This is a clean-room implementation; no third-party Pine code is reused.
Concept credits
Cumulative Volume Delta — standard order-flow technique.
Close-vs-open (tick-rule) aggressor classification — after the classic trade-sign literature (Lee & Ready).
Size-partitioned / flow-toxicity order flow (VPIN) — Easley, López de Prado & O'Hara.
Disclaimer
Research and educational tool only. Not financial advice, no recommendation, no guarantee of results. Burst size is not trade size and does not identify institutions versus retail; the up/down sign is a close-vs-open proxy for the aggressor, not the true tape. Indicators describe past behaviour; they do not predict the future. Trading carries risk of loss. Test out-of-sample and make your own decisions. The author accepts no liability. Indicator
Order Aggression Heatmap (Asymmetrical Volume Visualizer)Order Aggression Heatmap is a footprint-based visualization tool designed to highlight high-volume aggressive and/or asymmetrical buy/sell activity at individual price rows.
User-defined filters allow you to eliminate noise and only show the highest volume heat blocks.
Using PulseWire’s footprint data, the indicator analyzes volume at individual price rows and identifies areas where one side demonstrates a meaningful advantage over the other. Qualifying rows are displayed as heatmap blocks, with or without text, allowing traders to quickly spot volume concentrations, directional pressure, and potential areas of market response.
The indicator is intended as a supplemental order-flow visualization and can be used alongside price action, support/resistance levels, supply-demand zones, volume profiles, or other market structure tools.
How It Works
For each footprint price row, the script evaluates:
Total traded volume
Buy volume
Sell volume
Delta (buy volume minus sell volume)
Relative dominance between buyers and sellers
Rows are displayed only when user-defined thresholds are met.
The filtering process allows traders to focus on meaningful participation while reducing visual noise from lower-volume activity.
Available Filters
Minimum Row Volume
Requires a footprint row to contain at least the specified amount of traded volume before it can be displayed.
Increasing this value reduces noise and emphasizes higher-activity areas.
Minimum Absolute Delta
Requires a minimum difference between buy and sell volume.
Higher values focus on stronger directional pressure.
Aggression Ratio
Measures how dominant one side is relative to the other.
Example:
Ratio = 2.0
Buy Volume = 100
Sell Volume = 50
The row qualifies because buyers traded at least twice the volume of sellers.
Aggressive Rows Only
When enabled, only rows meeting the aggression ratio requirement are displayed.
When disabled, rows may still qualify through volume and delta thresholds alone.
Visual Features
•Heatmap-style overlays
•Custom buy and sell colors
•Optional footprint Point of Control (POC) highlighting
•Adjustable historical display window
•Adjustable heatmap persistence
•Optional row volume and delta labels
•Heat intensity can be customized through the selected color and opacity settings.
Suggested Applications
This indicator may be useful for:
•Identifying areas of concentrated participation
•Monitoring directional pressure within a move
•Comparing buyer and seller dominance at specific price levels
•Studying footprint behavior around support and resistance
•Evaluating activity near supply and demand zones
•Visualizing market response after large directional candles
Notes
This indicator uses PulseWire footprint data.
It does not use Level 2, DOM, or market-by-order data.
It does not identify individual trades or individual order sizes.
Results may vary depending on symbol, exchange data, and footprint resolution settings.
The snapshots above show the heatblocks hidden by the candles, but in use they appear in front of the candles. Indicator
Adaptive Structural Trail Order Flow, Imbalance & RegimeAdaptive Structural Trail — Order Flow, Imbalance & Regime
What it is
Adaptive Structural Trail is a single, self-contained market-structure framework that re-clocks the chart by participation instead of time, marks the imbalances that real activity leaves behind, lets order flow decide which of those levels still matter, asks a regime filter whether trending behaviour can be trusted right now, and trails the strongest surviving level as an adaptive stop — all summarised in a plain-language dashboard that tells you, at a glance, whether the picture says ride, wait, or stand aside.
It is designed to be market-agnostic: every raw input (price, volume, and the volatility-index reference) is user-selectable, so the same logic runs on index futures, equities, FX, crypto or commodities without touching the code. Defaults are set for NIFTY index futures; change the volatility symbol and (if needed) the volume source for other instruments.
Why the components are combined (this is one tool, not a bundle)
Each layer measures a different facet of one process — activity creating structure, structure decaying or being defended, and a regime deciding whether to act. They are not independent indicators stacked for visual effect; remove any one and the others lose their meaning:
Delta clock (the substrate). A virtual bar closes only when cumulative signed volume becomes statistically significant (σ × a multiplier). Every downstream reading is therefore spaced by participation, not by the clock — a quiet 10 minutes and a violent 10 seconds are treated differently, which is the whole point.
Imbalance / fair-value-gap detection runs on those virtual bars, so a level is recorded only where genuine activity gapped price, not on arbitrary time bars.
Order-flow lifecycle (charge → decay → breaker/dead). When price returns to a level, delta adjudicates the outcome: absorbed-and-defended levels are reborn as breakers; levels that are surged through are killed. Flow decides what structure survives.
Regime gate (efficiency ratio + volatility burst). This routes everything. The trail is shown and signals arm only where trend behaviour is statistically credible; in range/transition/high-volatility states the tool deliberately stands aside.
Confidence fusion. Structure strength, cumulative-delta slope and flow toxicity (VPIN) are blended into one confidence number, which the dashboard converts into a plain instruction.
That coupling — a volume-significance clock feeding imbalance detection whose survival is adjudicated by order flow and gated by regime, fused into a single trailing level and a decision read-out — is the original contribution here.
How to use it
Add it to any liquid instrument. It is built for intraday timeframes (1–15 min is the sweet spot on index futures).
Read the dashboard top-down: the ACTION banner is the headline (e.g. LONG · ride the trail, RANGE · stand aside). Below it: bias + confidence, market state, the actual trail-stop price, order flow, flow toxicity, volatility context, and a plain "what to do" line.
Treat the coloured trail as a structure-based stop while the market state is a trend; when the state leaves trend, the trail disappears by design.
The imbalance zones show where unfilled activity sits; fresh, tapped and breaker levels are colour-coded (see the on-chart legend).
Edge-calibration panel (bottom-right): for transparency it scores past signals against a regime-matched base rate and reports EDGE = Hit − Base with a 95% confidence interval. Read the Edge column, not the raw hit-rate. This is descriptive of the past on your symbol — not a backtest and not a forward guarantee.
Key-info panel (top-left): instrument, timeframe, the live data source (see honesty note), threshold, ATR and level counts.
Honest note on data (please read)
PulseWire exposes no true tick-by-tick aggressor delta and cannot build custom bars, so delta here is a proxy: signed intrabar volume taken from the finest lower timeframe your data plan returns — 1-second where available, otherwise 1-minute — falling back to bar-shape when no lower-timeframe data exists. The live source is shown as "Delta source" in the Key-info panel, so you always know which mode is active. Non-repaint: the delta clock advances and structure/regime/signals resolve only on confirmed bars; the trail line itself updates within the forming bar as a current estimate.
Originality
The novelty is the synthesis and coupling, not any single classical block. A participation clock is used to gate imbalance detection; order flow is used to adjudicate level survival; regime is used to route the entire read; and the whole thing collapses into one trailing level plus a decision dashboard and a self-calibration panel. Every raw input is user-selectable so the framework generalises across markets.
Concept credits
This tool synthesises well-established, publicly documented ideas; credit to their originators:
Information / volume-driven bars & VPIN flow toxicity — Marcos López de Prado; Easley, López de Prado & O'Hara.
Efficiency Ratio (trend vs. noise) — Perry J. Kaufman.
Trade-side classification (tick rule) — Lee & Ready.
Market impact & absorption (square-root law) — Almgren; Tóth & Bouchaud.
Wilson score interval (small-sample proportion CI) — E. B. Wilson.
Imbalance / fair-value-gap and trailing-stop concepts are long-standing, widely used market-structure ideas. The synthesis and the Pine implementation are the author's own.
Exported outputs (for use in other scripts)
Available via input.source() in any other indicator, with clean generic names: Bias Score (signed conviction, ±10), Trail Stop, Trail Direction, Regime State, Confidence, Leading Strength, CVD Slope, Flow Toxicity, Cumulative Delta, Volatility ROC, Volatility Bias.
Disclaimer
For research and education only. This is an analytical tool — not financial advice, not a signal service, and not a guarantee of future results. No indicator has an inherent edge; validate with your own testing, apply realistic costs, and manage risk. You are solely responsible for your trading decisions. Indicator
Order Flow Microstructure Engine# Order Flow Microstructure Engine
**Order Flow Microstructure Engine** condenses a full stack of order-flow and market-microstructure measures into a single decision: one confidence %, one tier, and one action with entry/stop levels — shown in an adaptive on-chart dashboard. It is built to answer one question on every bar: *are aggressive buyers or aggressive sellers in control, and how convinced should you be?*
This is not a bundle of unrelated indicators placed on one chart. Every component measures a **different facet of the same process** — the buy/sell auction happening inside each bar — and they are combined inside **one probabilistic model**. The reason for the mashup, and how the parts interact, is described below as the guidelines require.
**Why these components are combined (mashup justification)**
No single order-flow measure is reliable alone: raw delta misleads during absorption, CVD drifts, footprint imbalances appear in chop, and toxicity rises at both reversals and breakouts. Because these weaknesses are *partially independent*, fusing the measures correctly cancels noise that any one of them carries. The original element is **how** the fusion is done — not what is plotted.
**How it works (the pipeline)**
1. *Reconstruction.* Lower-timeframe sub-bars are pulled and each is classified buy/sell with a tick-rule cascade (after Lee & Ready). Where the data plan exposes native volume footprint, real bid/ask is used and aggregated into the same price bins. The dashboard always shows whether it is running on reconstructed (`RECON`) or native (`NATIVE`) data.
2. *Factors.* From that base it derives Aggressor Imbalance Ratio, Cumulative Volume Delta, footprint imbalances/POC, auction Value-Area efficiency (acceptance vs rejection), integrated multi-level Order-Flow Imbalance (depth-weighted), VPIN-style flow toxicity, Kyle's lambda price-impact/liquidity, a directional self-exciting (Hawkes) intensity, and a square-root-law absorption measure.
3. *Fusion (the original part).* Each factor is mapped to a probability and combined in Bayesian log-odds. Crucially, the flow-derived factors are **decorrelated before fusion** using an effective-sample-size (design-effect) shrinkage, so factors that are really the *same evidence* (AIR, delta, CVD, footprint, OFI) cannot inflate confidence just by agreeing. Structurally independent factors (auction efficiency, MOC, Hawkes, absorption, cross-instrument) enter at full weight. The posterior is then gated by multi-timeframe and multi-horizon consensus and damped by a regime-thrash (chop) penalty, producing one confidence → a 5-tier ladder → an action.
Without this combination you would get several conflicting opinions; the value is the **correlation-aware fusion** that turns them into one calibrated read.
**How to use it**
- Apply to a liquid instrument on an intraday timeframe (1m–1h). Defaults are tuned for index futures on 5-minute charts with 5-second sub-bars.
- Read the Compact dashboard top-down: ACTION + confidence %, Tier (position-size guidance), Entry/Stop, then CO-FIRE confluence, multi-timeframe and regime/stability. Switch "Table view mode" to Full for a complete factor-by-factor breakdown.
- On-chart triangles mark Tier-1/Tier-2 long/short signals across history; footprint boxes show the intrabar buy/sell distribution.
- For other markets: change the **Market preset** (group 01). Choose **CUSTOM** to set your own session, MOC window, footprint bin sizing and CVD reset — making it usable on any instrument in any market.
- The dashboard theme auto-adapts to a light or dark chart background.
**What makes it original**
Correlation-aware decorrelated Bayesian fusion of order-flow factors; a native-footprint seam that uses real bid/ask when available and transparently falls back to reconstruction; layered multi-horizon + multi-timeframe + cross-instrument confirmation on a microstructure base; and a regime-stability filter that penalizes only genuine directional reversals, not same-direction intensity changes.
**Honesty / limitations**
On most retail feeds, order flow here is reconstructed from lower-timeframe data via the tick rule (~75–80% trade-sign accuracy), not true exchange bid/ask, unless your plan provides native footprint data. The data source is shown in the dashboard. This is an analytic and educational tool, not financial advice and not a guarantee of results.
**Concept credits**
Lee & Ready (trade sign); Kyle (price impact / lambda); Easley, López de Prado & O'Hara (VPIN); Cont, Kukanov & Stoikov and Xu, Gould & Howison (OFI / multi-level OFI); Hawkes and Bacry–Muzy (self-exciting intensity); Almgren and Tóth–Bouchaud (square-root impact law); Kaufman (Efficiency-Ratio adaptation); Steidlmayer (Market Profile / Value Area); Kish (design effect). All Pine implementations are original re-derivations; no external script code is used.
**Disclaimer**
For research and educational purposes only. Nothing here is financial advice. Markets carry risk and past behaviour does not guarantee future results. Always do your own research and manage risk.
Indicator
Institutional Order Flow Signals [PMT]Institutional Order Flow Signals applies a Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier — trained entirely within Pine Script® v6 — to cumulative volume delta divergence in order to surface, in real time, three mutually exclusive market regime states: bullish re-alignment, bearish re-alignment, and order flow divergence.
The core question this indicator addresses is distinct from threshold-crossover approaches: given the current statistical pattern of delta momentum, price/CVD divergence, and delta slope, what is the posterior probability that the market is entering — or exiting — a directional institutional order flow regime?
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🔷 WHAT IT MEASURES
🔸 Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD)
CVD is the running sum of intrabar net order flow — buy volume minus sell volume — estimated via the close-position formula: bull_vol = volume × (close − low) / (high − low). The cumulative series tracks persistent institutional buying or selling pressure independently of price direction, making it a first-order proxy for directional order flow without requiring exchange-level bid/ask data.
🔸 Three Z-Score Normalised Features
Each bar, the classifier receives three inputs derived from CVD and z-score normalised for cross-instrument compatibility:
F1 — CVD Momentum : rate of change of CVD over N bars, normalised by its rolling mean and standard deviation. Encodes how rapidly buying or selling pressure is accelerating relative to its own recent baseline.
F2 — Price/CVD Divergence : price rate of change minus CVD rate of change. A large positive value signals price rising while order flow is falling — the classic institutional distribution pattern. Near-zero values indicate price and flow agreement.
F3 — CVD Slope : linear regression slope of CVD over a short window, z-score normalised. Provides a direction-of-flow signal independent of F1's momentum measure, satisfying the Naive Bayes conditional independence assumption as closely as CVD-derived features can.
🔸 Market Regime Labels
Three mutually exclusive regimes are recognised. A bullish re-alignment bar is one where both price ROC and CVD ROC are positive — institutional flow and price confirm each other to the upside. A bearish re-alignment bar is the symmetric case. A divergence bar occurs when price and order flow point in opposite directions — historically associated with regime transitions and distribution/accumulation activity.
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🔷 THE CLASSIFIER
🔸 Welford Online Learning
The classifier accumulates running sufficient statistics — count, mean, and variance — for each of the nine (feature × regime) combinations using Welford's numerically stable online update. No historical arrays are stored. The model's parameters shift gradually with each new bar, making it adaptive to changing market microstructure conditions without a fixed lookback window.
🔸 Gaussian Likelihood + Bayesian Posterior
Each feature is modelled as a Gaussian distribution under each class. The joint likelihood of the current feature vector is computed by multiplying the three per-feature probability densities under the Naive Bayes independence assumption. A class prior — updated empirically from observed regime frequencies — is combined with the joint likelihood via Bayes' theorem to produce posterior probabilities P(Bull | F1,F2,F3) and P(Bear | F1,F2,F3) for the current bar. A warmup gate suppresses signals until the classifier has accumulated statistically meaningful training observations.
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🔷 SIGNALS AND DISPLAY
🔸 High-Conviction Buy — P(Bull) > 85%
A long signal fires when the bull posterior clears the configurable threshold, CVD momentum confirms, and price is above the trend EMA. The threshold is surfaced on the label itself, making the confidence level explicit at every entry rather than hidden inside an opaque signal.
🔸 Bear Signal — CVD Divergence
A short signal fires when the bear posterior clears threshold and F2 is in active divergence territory — price moving up while order flow is declining, or the symmetric distribution case. CVD divergence without posterior confirmation does not produce a signal; both conditions are required simultaneously.
🔸 Bull Regime Band — CVD Aligned
A fill band anchored to the trend EMA expands when the classifier assigns high posterior probability to a sustained bullish re-alignment regime. The opacity of the band scales with the posterior — faint during low-confidence periods, saturated when the classifier considers the regime firmly established.
🔸 Info Table
Live readout displays current bull and bear posteriors, CVD direction, and training bar count. The Trained N counter confirms the classifier has completed warmup before acting on any signal.
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🔷 INPUTS
Classifier Lookback — minimum training bars before signals activate. Default 100.
Entry Posterior Threshold — minimum posterior required. 0.60 permissive; 0.70 default; 0.80 high-conviction only.
CVD Momentum Period — lookback for F1 and F2 rate of change.
CVD Slope Period — regression window for F3.
Z-Score Period — normalisation window applied across all three features.
Trend EMA Period — macro filter; long signals only fire above EMA, short signals below.
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🔷 REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
The classifier requires a warmup period before signals are valid. The CVD estimator is synthetic — derived from intrabar price position, not actual bid/ask data — and introduces noise on instruments with low liquidity or wide spreads. The Naive Bayes independence assumption is partially violated because all three features are CVD-derived; the posteriors function as relative confidence scores rather than calibrated frequentist probabilities.
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Built natively in Pine Script® v6. No external libraries, no data feeds, no fixed lookback arrays. The Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier trains continuously from the chart's own bar history using Welford's online algorithm. Open source — Mozilla Public License 2.0. Indicator
Adaptive Volume-Delta Score (VDS) | Order-Flow & DivergenceThe Adaptive Volume-Delta Score (VDS) is a technical analysis tool for the statistical classification of volume-delta activity. It utilizes an Adaptive-Switch Logic that toggles between historical bar reconstruction (request.security_lower_tf) and a real-time Rolling-Window Live-Tracker.
🛠 Core Functionality
1. The VDS Engine (Statistical Mapping)
Wick-Weighted Delta: The calculation is based on wick-weighting: (close-open)/range * volume. This weights the delta according to price displacement within the bar.
Symmetrical Mapping (-4.5 to 4.5): Raw values are statistically categorized via ta.percentrank and mapped onto a fixed scale.
+4.5 (100% Rank): The absolute maximum within the chosen lookback period.
+2.25 (75% Rank): Significant activity relative to the period.
0 (Median): The statistical midpoint (50% Rank).
-4.5 (0% Rank / Min.): The absolute floor of activity for the period.
Visualization Logic: This mapping is primarily used to plot volume activity and delta aggression within the same visual space, providing a consistent reference frame for comparing relative dominance.
Context Dependency: Signals are not absolute recommendations. The significance depends heavily on the Lookback Period, Thresholds, and the specific market environment.
2. Adaptive Logic & Data Integrity
Signal-Bridge: On lower timeframes (LTF), the indicator simulates the behavior of the Main Timeframe (Main-TF) using a rolling window. This allows for the observation of delta development while the bar is still forming.
🛡️ Integrity Dashboard: Visualizes the statistical consistency between live data and the historical baseline. Deviations (e.g., due to Pine Script's 5000-bar limit) are displayed transparently as warnings.
3. Dynamic Alert System
Automation: Alerts utilize the alert() function with the "Any function call" setting.
Intelligence: Messages are fully dynamic, reporting the mode (Live vs. History), signal type, safeguard status, and data integrity.
🚀 Quick Calibration Guide
Sensitivity: A longer Lookback Period stabilizes the statistics; a shorter period makes the score more reactive to short-term volume spikes.
Threshold Setup: Calibrate the Dominance Threshold (default 3.0) to isolate extreme aggression. Use the Volume Threshold to ensure a minimum level of market participation.
Visual Match: Activate the Price Chart Overlays and adjust your thresholds until the markers (Diamonds) correspond with your individual market interpretation.
Dashboard Check: Monitor the Confidence Score. If red warning values appear, consider adjusting your Lookback or Timeframe to maintain a stable statistical foundation.
🎨 Visual Guide: Understanding the Scale
Navy/Blue Columns: Standard activity within the selected statistical window.
Gray Columns: Phases below the Low Volume Threshold, indicating low relative market participation.
Lime/Fuchsia (Dominance): Occurs when volume and delta simultaneously exceed the defined thresholds (Aggression).
Olive/Maroon (Divergence): Period delta is positive/negative while price action is opposite (Decoupling/Absorption).
Diamonds: Optional projection of oscillator signals directly onto the candles in the price chart.
⚠️ Important Technical Notifications
The "Signal Bridge" (Rolling vs. Fixed Window):
HTF-Request Mode (Fixed): Measures delta starting from the candle open (e.g., 12:00 PM).
Live-Transfer Mode (Rolling): Analyzes a sliding window (e.g., the last 120 minutes). This provides a Lead-Time Advantage, detecting aggression as it happens regardless of the HTF clock. Both modes converge at the HTF bar close.
Data Integrity & Anomalies:
Session Gaps: High Main-TFs (like D1) can be affected by irregular session hours (e.g., Forex Sunday). Always monitor the Confidence Score (🛡️).
Replay Mode:
Displays "No Stat. Control" if historical LTF data is unavailable. We prioritize data honesty over estimated data.
🔔 How to set Alerts (Smart Signals)
Preparation: Open the VDS settings. Under "Alert Settings", choose which signals should trigger: Dominance, Divergence, or both.
Condition: Select "Adaptive Volume-Delta Score...".
Trigger Logic: Change setting to "Any alert() function call".
Frequency: Managed by the script (once_per_bar_close) to ensure statistical honesty.
Timeframe Choice: Use the Main-TF for final confirmed signals, or a Lower-Timeframe for Live-Tracker early warnings.
📊 Statistical Transparency (Data Window)
Raw metrics are displayed exclusively in the PulseWire Data Window to keep the chart clean:
Runtime-Safe LTF: The analysis interval currently in use.
Max Safe Lookback: The mathematical limit for your current setup (5,000-bar ceiling).
Active Bar Limit: The actual usable data foundation.
Converted Sum of LTF Request Bars: The historical baseline used as an anchor for the Live-Tracker.
Relative Live-Data Size: Numerical basis of the Confidence Score (100% = Perfect Integrity).
Overall Requested Bars: Total data points analyzed within your Lookback Period. Indicator
Cumulative Volume Delta Flow [AGPro Series]Cumulative Volume Delta Flow
🔹 **Overview**
Cumulative Volume Delta Flow is a hybrid CVD engine designed to expose order-flow imbalances without requiring footprint charts or exchange-native buy/sell data. It reconstructs cumulative delta using lower-timeframe breakdown when available, with intrabar polarity as a universal fallback — making it work on every symbol and every timeframe. On top of this engine, a triple-layer divergence detector identifies Regular, Hidden, and statistical Exhaustion signals, and every signal is scored by its own statistical strength with a ★/★★/★★★ rating system printed directly on the label.
The indicator is built for traders who want smart-money context at a glance: when buyers are absorbing, when a rally is losing real participation, and when a climactic flush is likely to reverse — with an immediate visual cue of how strong each signal is relative to the recent flow regime.
🔹 **Unique Edge**
Most CVD indicators are single-mode: either they plot cumulative delta, or they call a Regular divergence. This script combines four layers that rarely appear together in one tool:
- Hybrid engine with transparent fallback (no silent failure on high TFs)
- Exhaustion detection based on standard-deviation of CVD change, not price — catches reversals that price-only divergence misses
- Per-signal ★/★★/★★★ strength rating using type-specific statistical metrics (pivot-gap σ for Regular/Hidden, change σ for Exhaustion), so traders instantly know which signals deserve attention
- Optional reaction zones anchored at flow-driven pivots, behaving as dynamic support/resistance born from real participation events rather than pure price structure
🔹 **Methodology**
- The engine computes two parallel delta streams every bar: an intrabar polarity stream (weighted by wick balance for neutral/doji candles) and a lower-timeframe stream that iterates sub-bars and signs each by its close-vs-open direction
- In Hybrid mode, the LTF stream is preferred when it yields a non-zero value; the intrabar stream is used as fallback so the indicator never goes blank on exotic tickers or high timeframes
- A session/daily/weekly reset prevents long-run drift and keeps the cumulative counter meaningful across regime changes
- Pivots are detected on both price and CVD with a shared lookback window; the last two price pivots and their paired CVD values are tested for all four classical divergence relationships
- Exhaustion is a separate statistical trigger: the single-bar CVD change is compared against a 50-bar standard deviation; a σ breach in the direction opposite to the candle body is flagged as climactic absorption
- Each divergence label is rated with stars based on its type: Regular and Hidden use the CVD-pivot gap normalized by 50-bar CVD level stdev (how far apart the two flow pivots are), while Exhaustion uses the σ multiple of the current CVD change (how extreme the climactic event is)
- A cooldown window suppresses signal clustering in chop, and labels are offset by ATR-scaled distance with a leader line so they never collide with candles
🔹 **Signals & Alerts**
On-chart labels with star rating:
- Reg Bull / Reg Bear ★-★★★ — classical reversal divergence (price exhausts, flow refuses)
- Hid Bull / Hid Bear ★-★★★ — continuation divergence (pullback inside an active trend)
- Exh Bull / Exh Bear ★-★★★ — statistical flow climax above the σ threshold
Star thresholds for Regular/Hidden: ★★★ ≥ 2.0σ gap, ★★ ≥ 1.0σ gap, ★ < 1.0σ.
Star thresholds for Exhaustion: ★★★ ≥ 3.0σ, ★★ ≥ 2.0σ, ★ < 2.0σ (minimum trigger is 1.75σ).
Each signal carries its own color code and a leader line connecting the label back to the source candle for fast visual reading. Six discrete alertcondition slots are exposed plus three proactive alert() calls grouped by divergence family, so traders can route regular, hidden, and exhaustion signals to different channels.
🔹 **Key Inputs**
- Calculation Method: Hybrid, LTF Only, or Intrabar Only
- LTF Resolution: Auto (adaptive by chart TF) or fixed 1 / 3 / 5 / 15m
- CVD Reset: Session, Daily, Weekly, or None
- Pivot Length: 2–15 bars
- Toggles for Regular / Hidden / Exhaustion layers independently
- Exhaustion Threshold (σ): 1.0–4.0, default 1.75
- Min Bars Between Signals: anti-clustering cooldown (default 15)
- Reaction Zones: optional, with ATR width, extend length, and max active cap
- Label Size + Label Offset (ATR) for visual tuning
- Info Panel: 5 positions, 4 text sizes, full hide toggle
🔹 **How to Use**
- On the 4H timeframe, run the defaults on liquid instruments: BTCUSDT, ETHUSDT, SPX, ES, major FX pairs
- Treat ★★★ signals as the highest-priority reads of the chart — these are statistical outliers
- Treat ★★ signals as the normal tradeable population — the bulk of decision-making happens here
- Treat ★ signals as background context — use them for bias confirmation, not as primary entries
- Regular divergences are reversal warnings at structural highs/lows; they are most reliable when aligned with a key horizontal level or trendline
- Hidden divergences are trend-continuation entries during pullbacks inside a confirmed trend
- Exhaustion signals mark participation climaxes and often coincide with short-term reversals even when no classical pivot has formed yet
- Check the Info Panel's Last Signal row for the most recent event type and its star rating without scanning the chart
- Enable Reaction Zones when you want persistent S/R context from flow events; keep them off for minimal, label-only use
- Consider combining with a structure tool from the AGPro Series (SFP, Breaker, Unicorn) for confluence
🔹 **Info Panel**
The compact info panel on the chart surfaces seven live metrics: the current cumulative CVD value, the CVD trend classification (Up/Down/Flat based on price relative to its own EMA 21), the last signal's full name and star rating in color, the rolling divergence count over the last 200 bars (Bull / Bear), and the bar-age of the most recent bullish and bearish events. This gives a full situational snapshot without scrolling.
🔹 **Limitations & Transparency**
- CVD from intrabar polarity is an approximation, not true tick-level order flow. Exchange-native buy/sell volume is only available through footprint data
- On very high timeframes (Daily+), LTF breakdown may return partial data; Hybrid mode is recommended
- Divergence signals appear only after both pivot legs are confirmed; the second pivot needs `pivotLen` bars of right-side confirmation, so signals print with that lag
- Exhaustion requires at least 50 bars of CVD history for the standard-deviation baseline
- Star ratings are statistical descriptors of signal strength relative to recent flow, not trade-quality guarantees
- Past performance of any divergence pattern does not guarantee future results; this tool surfaces probabilistic context, not guaranteed reversals
🔹 **Risk Disclosure**
This indicator is an analytical framework, not a trading system or financial advice. Signals are technical observations intended to support decision-making; they do not account for fundamentals, news, liquidity, or your risk tolerance. Always use proper position sizing, stop-loss placement, and risk management. Test the tool on historical data and in a simulated environment before deploying it on live capital. Trading carries risk of substantial loss. Indicator
AG Pro Volume Delta Imbalance Map [AGPro Series]AG Pro Volume Delta Imbalance Map
OVERVIEW / WHAT IT DOES
AG Pro Volume Delta Imbalance Map is an overlay-style volume pressure tool designed to visualize directional participation asymmetry directly on the price chart. Instead of presenting volume as a standalone histogram or reducing the analysis to a single cumulative line, this script maps estimated directional imbalance into a chart-native structure built around a basis line, a flow spine, and an adaptive ribbon. The result is a cleaner view of whether recent participation is leaning bullish, bearish, or balanced, while keeping the analysis anchored to actual price movement.
The script is built for traders who want a more visual interpretation of directional volume pressure without relying on a separate lower-pane oscillator. The main purpose is not to predict tops, bottoms, or reversals in isolation. Its role is to help users read where directional pressure is expanding, where it is fading, and where the current state remains neutral or low-conviction. By placing the analysis directly on the chart, the script aims to make flow conditions easier to compare with market structure, pullbacks, trend continuation attempts, and local regime shifts.
A key design objective of this script is practical readability. Many volume-based tools either become too abstract for quick chart work or too visually dense to remain useful during live decision-making. Here, the imbalance model is translated into a compact overlay with a smoothed directional spine, a ribbon that adapts to pressure intensity, optional burst labels, optional zone-start labels, and a summary panel that reports the current state, bias, strength, persistence, label mode, and exhaustion condition. This keeps the output interpretable across multiple markets and timeframes without forcing the user to decode a complicated dashboard.
This script should be understood as a directional-volume map, not as a trade automation engine. It is intended to support chart reading, context building, and workflow discipline. It can help highlight when directional participation is broadening, when pressure alignment is improving, or when a previously strong move begins to lose quality. Those observations can then be combined with price structure, support and resistance, volatility context, and the user’s own execution framework.
UNIQUE EDGE
The main differentiator of this script is that it does not approach volume pressure in the same way as classic cumulative-flow or oscillator-style tools. Traditional cumulative tools such as OBV compress volume behavior into a running line, while money-flow oscillators often frame the analysis around momentum-style expansion and contraction in a lower pane. AG Pro Volume Delta Imbalance Map takes a different route: it transforms estimated directional pressure into an on-chart flow structure that is designed to be read alongside candles, pullbacks, transitions, and continuation attempts.
Another differentiating element is the emphasis on flow state rather than raw volume magnitude alone. The script is not simply asking whether volume is high or low. It is asking whether directional participation is leaning to one side strongly enough to create an interpretable imbalance state, whether that pressure is stabilizing or intensifying, and whether that condition is durable enough to remain relevant across several bars. This creates a more structural view of participation rather than a purely reactive one.
The visual architecture is also intentionally distinct. The flow ribbon is not only cosmetic. It is designed to express directional pressure breadth around the spine, while the spine itself provides a simpler anchor for the prevailing flow direction. Optional labels then mark either stronger burst moments or the beginning of a new directional zone, depending on user preference. This allows the script to serve different chart-reading styles without changing the core methodology.
Finally, transparency matters. This script does not claim to be a true bid/ask footprint, a tape-reading engine, or an exact institutional order-flow detector. It uses an estimated directional-volume proxy derived from price-location and candle-structure behavior. That distinction is important. The objective is to provide a disciplined, readable directional-pressure framework within the constraints of standard chart data, not to imply access to information the script does not use.
METHODOLOGY
The model begins with a directional-pressure proxy built from three components: close location within the bar, candle body dominance relative to the full range, and directional sign reinforcement from candle structure. These inputs are blended into a bounded hybrid bias value intended to estimate whether recent volume participation was more likely to have leaned bullish or bearish within the bar. That estimate is then scaled by the bar’s volume to produce directional volume estimates and a delta-style imbalance reading.
The raw imbalance is normalized using a volume baseline so that the output remains more comparable across changing participation environments. The normalized value is then smoothed to reduce excessive noise and to create a more usable state engine. From there, bullish, bearish, and balanced conditions are determined through explicit thresholds. This means the displayed state is not arbitrary. It is driven by a consistent threshold structure that helps separate neutral conditions from more meaningful directional pressure.
The chart overlay is built around three visual elements. First, a basis line offers a stable reference. Second, the flow spine tracks the smoothed imbalance state translated onto price space. Third, an adaptive ribbon expands or contracts around the spine based on imbalance strength, which helps communicate whether directional participation is broadening or losing intensity. Together, these components aim to make flow conditions visible without overwhelming the chart.
The script also tracks persistence and a simplified exhaustion heuristic. Persistence reflects how long the current directional state has remained in force, while exhaustion attempts to highlight cases where imbalance remains strong but starts to weaken while price response underperforms. This is not a reversal guarantee. It is a contextual warning that a previously forceful participation state may be losing efficiency.
SIGNALS & ALERTS
The script can label directional events in two different styles. In Burst Labels mode, labels are reserved for stronger acceleration moments inside an existing directional condition. In Zone Start Labels mode, labels are printed when a new directional zone begins. This distinction matters because some traders prefer confirmation after pressure expansion, while others prefer earlier visual markers at the start of a state change.
Bullish and bearish imbalance burst alerts are available for users who want notification when directional pressure expands beyond the relevant threshold. These alerts are best interpreted as flow acceleration events, not standalone entry signals. In practice, many users will prefer to combine them with local structure, pullback quality, reclaim behavior, or continuation context.
The script also includes bias reversal alerts and imbalance strength expansion alerts. These are useful for monitoring whether a previously balanced or opposing environment is transitioning into a new directional condition, or whether an already active imbalance is strengthening enough to deserve attention. The summary panel helps reinforce these changes by showing state, bias, strength, persistence, label mode, and exhaustion status in a compact format.
A separate exhaustion-risk alert is provided for conditions where the model detects that a strong imbalance may be fading in quality. This should be interpreted as a caution flag, not as a direct call to reverse or exit automatically. In many workflows, it is more useful as a prompt to reassess the context, tighten risk discipline, or watch for weakening continuation quality.
KEY INPUTS
Normalization Lookback controls the volume baseline used in the imbalance normalization process. Larger values can stabilize the model, while smaller values can make the output more reactive. Imbalance Smoothing influences how quickly the directional state responds to changing pressure. Shorter smoothing reacts faster but may increase noise, while longer smoothing can improve stability at the cost of responsiveness.
Map Basis EMA Length affects the visual anchor used for the overlay. ATR Length and Spine ATR Multiplier influence how the spine is translated into price space and how the ribbon behaves around it. Flow Ribbon Width controls the breadth of the visible pressure corridor, while Bull Flow Width Boost allows the bullish side to be widened slightly for visual emphasis when appropriate.
Bullish and Bearish Imbalance Thresholds define when the script considers directional pressure strong enough to move out of the balanced state. Burst Threshold determines when the model treats a move as a more meaningful acceleration event. Extreme Threshold contributes to the exhaustion logic and strength classification. Users can also choose whether labels represent burst moments or zone starts, depending on how early or selective they want the chart annotations to be.
Visual controls allow users to show or hide the basis line, flow ribbon, spine glow, backdrop, burst labels, exhaustion labels, spine tag, and panel. Panel position, panel theme, text sizing, label sizing, and offset controls are included so that the script can be adapted to different chart layouts and personal reading preferences without changing the underlying methodology.
LIMITATIONS & TRANSPARENCY
This script uses an estimated directional-volume model. It does not use order-book data, footprint data, bid/ask tape data, or exchange-level aggressor classification. As a result, the displayed imbalance should be understood as a chart-based directional proxy, not as an exact measurement of true traded delta.
Because the model relies on price-location and candle-structure inputs, the output can behave differently across instruments with different volatility profiles, gap behavior, liquidity conditions, and session structures. It is normal for a setting that looks well balanced on one asset or timeframe to require refinement on another. Users should expect to tune thresholds and visual parameters when moving between markets.
Signals and labels are contextual. A bullish label inside a weak range environment does not carry the same meaning as a bullish label that appears after a reclaim, a pullback stabilization, or a clean continuation structure. Likewise, a bearish label during highly erratic volatility may be less reliable than a similar reading inside a smoother directional sequence. The script is designed to assist interpretation, not to replace it.
No single output from this script should be treated as a guaranteed trade trigger, reversal call, or risk-management rule. The panel, ribbon, spine, and labels are tools for reading participation conditions. They are most useful when integrated with broader chart context, including trend structure, invalidation logic, nearby levels, liquidity conditions, and the user’s own process.
RISK DISCLOSURE
This script is for chart analysis and educational use. It does not provide financial advice, portfolio advice, or guaranteed trade outcomes. All trading and investing involve risk, including the risk of loss. Past market behavior and prior indicator responses do not guarantee future results.
Users remain fully responsible for how they interpret and apply the script. Any signal, label, or state reading should be evaluated within a complete decision process that includes market context, risk definition, and position management. This script should not be used as the sole basis for entering, exiting, or sizing a trade.
If you use this tool in live market conditions, it is sensible to test it across different assets and timeframes and to confirm that its behavior matches your own execution logic before relying on it in a real-money workflow. Indicator
Volume Flow and Delta Analysis [MarkitTick]💡This comprehensive technical indicator is designed for traders who require a granular view of market participation that goes beyond standard volume bars. By leveraging the advanced "Intrabar Analysis" capabilities of Pine Script, this tool deconstructs every single price candle on your chart into its constituent lower-timeframe components. It effectively "X-rays" the market to determine whether the volume inside a bar was primarily driven by aggressive buying or aggressive selling, providing a definitive read on market sentiment and institutional control.
● Originality and Utility
Most standard volume indicators display a simple aggregate total—a single block of volume that fails to distinguish between buying pressure and selling pressure. A high-volume candle could represent a strong breakout, or it could represent a "selling tail" where buyers were absorbed. This script solves that ambiguity. It is not a standard oscillator; it is a quantitative flow analyzer. It reconstructs the "Delta" (the net difference between buying and selling volume) by querying lower-timeframe data (e.g., analyzing 1-minute data inside a 60-minute bar). This allows traders to spot "Hidden Accumulation" (where price is flat but Delta is rising) or "Exhaustion" (where price rises but Delta falls), offering a significant edge in identifying reversals and trend continuations.
● Methodology
The script operates through a sophisticated three-stage quantitative process:
• Intrabar Data Acquisition
The script uses the security_lower_tf function to fetch granular price and volume data from a lower timeframe (automatically detected or user-defined). This allows the script to see what happened "inside" the current chart's bar.
• Directional Flow Distribution
For every lower-timeframe interval, the script assigns volume to either "Bullish Flow" or "Bearish Flow." If the close is higher than the open on the lower timeframe, the volume is credited to buyers. If the close is lower, it is credited to sellers. This logic is far more accurate than simple "Up/Down" tick data, as it respects price action.
• Statistical Volatility Normalization
To filter out noise, the script calculates a dynamic baseline using an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the absolute Delta values. It then compares the current bar's Delta against this baseline. This generates an "Intensity Score" (measured in Sigma or Standard Deviations). This ensures that a "High Volume" signal is relevant to the current market volatility, rather than relying on fixed, arbitrary thresholds.
● How to Use
This tool is designed to be a complete decision-support system. Here is how to interpret its various components:
• The Volume Histogram
The background histogram displays Total Volume, while the foreground bars show the split between Buying (Teal) and Selling (Red) flow. Use this to gauge the "quality" of a move. A price rally accompanied by high Teal volume is healthy; a rally on low volume or high Red volume is suspect.
• The Delta Histogram
This plots the net difference.
Strong Positive (Green) Delta: Indicates aggressive market buy orders are hitting the ask.
Strong Negative (Red) Delta: Indicates aggressive market sell orders are hitting the bid.
Divergence: If Price makes a New High but the Delta Histogram makes a Lower High, this is a classic signal of exhaustion and potential reversal.
• The Heads-Up Display (HUD)
A dashboard table pinned to the chart provides real-time metrics:
Session Delta: The cumulative buy/sell pressure for the current trading day.
Flow Regime: Clearly states if the market is in "ACCUMULATION" or "DISTRIBUTION."
Intensity: Shows how statistically significant the current volume is (e.g., "2.5x" means the volume is 2.5 times the standard deviation, indicating an anomaly).
• Visual Signals
The script plots triangle markers on top of the chart when the Delta Intensity exceeds the user-defined threshold.
Up Triangle (Green): Signals strong institutional buying pressure (Delta > Threshold).
Down Triangle (Red): Signals strong institutional selling pressure (Delta < Threshold).
● Inputs and Configuration
Lower Timeframe: By default, the script auto-selects the best resolution (e.g., 1-minute data for hourly charts). Users can override this to fine-tune the granularity.
Volume MA Length: Defines the lookback period for the volume moving average.
Delta Volatility Threshold (Sigma): This is the sensitivity filter for signals. A higher value (e.g., 2.0) results in fewer but more significant signals. A lower value (e.g., 1.0) provides more frequent alerts.
Visual Logic: Users can toggle the Dashboard, Delta Histogram, and Moving Averages on or off to suit their charting aesthetic.
● Disclaimer
All provided scripts and indicators are strictly for educational exploration and must not be interpreted as financial advice or a recommendation to execute trades. I expressly disclaim all liability for any financial losses or damages that may result, directly or indirectly, from the reliance on or application of these tools. Market participation carries inherent risk where past performance never guarantees future returns, leaving all investment decisions and due diligence solely at your own discretion. Indicator
Indicator
Volume Zones Internal Visualizer [LuxAlgo]The Volume Zones Internal Visualizer is an alternate candle type intended to reveal lower timeframe volume activity while on a higher timeframe chart.
It displays the candle's range, the highest and lowest zones of accumulated volume throughout the candle, and the Lower Timeframe (LTF) candle close, which contained the most volume in the session (Candle Session).
🔶 USAGE
The indicator is intended to be used as its own independent candle type. It is not a replacement for traditional candlesticks; however, it is recommended that you hide the chart's display when using this indicator. Another option is to display this indicator in an additional pane alongside the normal chart, as displayed above.
The display consists of candle ranges represented by outlined boxes, within the ranges you will notice a transparent-colored zone, a solid-colored zone, and a line.
Each of these displays different points of volume-related information from an analysis of LTF data.
In addition to this analysis, the indicator also locates the LTF candle with the highest volume, and displays its close represented by the line. This line is considered as the "Peak Activity Level" (PAL), since throughout the (HTF) candle session, this candle's close is the outcome of the most volume transacted at the time.
We are further tracking these PALs by continuing to extend them into the future, looking towards them for potential further interaction. Once a PAL is crossed, we are removing it from display as it has been mitigated.
🔶 DETAILS
The indicator aggregates the volume data from each LTF candle and creates a volume profile from it; the number of rows in the profile is determined by the "Row Size" setting.
With this profile, it locates and displays the highest (solid area) and lowest (transparent area) volume zones from the profile created.
🔶 SETTINGS
Row Size: Sets the number of rows used for the calculation of the volume profile based on LTF data.
Intrabar Timeframe: Sets the Lower Timeframe to use for calculations.
Show Last Unmitigated PALs: Choose how many Unmitigated PALs to extend.
Style: Toggle on and off features, as well as adjust colors for each.
Indicator
Indicator
Delta Volume by SiddWolfDelta Volume is Difference between Buying Volume and Selling Volume. This indicator gives the Delta Volume based on Lower TimeFrame Candles. It utilizes security_lower_tf() function, a function that provides Lower TF candle data in Higher TF Chart.
security_lower_tf() is a new function provided by PulseWire yesterday. If you are a PineScript Programmer, I suggest you to read about it, as it is a very powerful function that can extremely improve your trading strategy.
How this indicator works:
This indicator checks volume data on lower TimeFrame Candles and Shows it's delta in the current Chart Timeframe. For example: If you open 4 hours chart, this indicator checks volume of 1 minute chart and separates Buying-Selling volume. Then it subtracts Candle's Selling volume from Candle's Buying volume, finally calculating the Delta Volume.
This indicator also provides a Smooth Delta Volume, which is moving average of Delta Volume. As Delta Volume changes a lot, Smooth Delta Volume can be very helpful for identifying Trends . Goto settings and in "Show" section select "Smooth Delta Volume" to lay it on the chart.
Settings is the Key:
Settings are key to all of my indicators. Play around with it a bit. You can change what to show on the chart from settings. Smooth Delta Volume moving average length can be changed from the settings. You can also select "Show as Percentage", which shows Delta Volume as Percentage of Overall Candle's Volume. If you use Weekly or Monthly Timeframe, change increase lower timeframe from settings. Read the tooltips to understand what each settings mean. Tooltips are the (i) button in-front of each settings.
FAQs:
Q. Does the indicator Repaint ?
--- No. None of my indicators repaints. What you see now is what's drawn in real time.
Q. What TimeFrame is Best for this Indicator ?
--- It can be used on timeframes from 5 minutes to higher. But I would prefer to use it from timeframes higher than 30 minutes, as it gathers data from 1 minute TF.
Q. Indicator doesn't show anything ?
--- This indicator only works on security with Volume data. Also use it from higher timeframe than specified in Settings, because Volume Delta is calculated using Data from Lower TimeFrame.
Q. Delta volume is not provided by PulseWire, So how exactly does this indicator work?
--- This indicator takes advantage of new pinescript function security_lower_tf(), and calculates volume for smaller timeframe data and calculates delta on higher timeframe.
Q. Does this indicator give financial advice?
--- No. Nope. Nein. Não. नहीं.
Conclusion:
This indicator is very basic but if used correctly it can be very powerful. If you have any questions or suggestions feel free to comment below. I'd love to connect with you. Thank you.
~ @SiddWolf Indicator
Tape [LucF]█ OVERVIEW
This script prints an ersatz of a trading console's "tape" section to the right of your chart. It displays the time, price and volume of each update of the chart's feed. It also calculates volume delta for the bar. As it calculates from realtime information, it will not display information on historical bars.
█ FEATURES
Calculations
Each new line in the tape displays the last price/volume update from the PulseWire feed that's building your chart. These updates do not necessarily correspond to ticks from the originating broker/exchange's matching engine. Multiple broker/exchange ticks are often aggregated in one chart update.
The script first determines if price has moved up or down since the last update. The polarity of the price change, in turn, determines the polarity of the volume for that specific update. If price does not move between consecutive updates, then the last known polarity is used. Using this method, we can calculate a running volume delta accumulation for the bar, which becomes the bar's final volume delta value when the bar closes (you can inspect values of elapsed realtime bars in the Data Window or the indicator's values). Note that these values will all reset if the script re-executes because of a change in inputs or a chart refresh.
While this method of calculating volume delta is not perfect, it is currently the most precise way of calculating volume delta available on PulseWire at the moment. Calculating more precise results would require scripts to have access to bid/ask levels from any chart timeframe. Charts at seconds timeframes do use exchange/broker ticks when the feeds you are using allow for it, and this indicator will run on them, but tick data is not yet available from higher timeframes, for now. Also note that the method used in this script is far superior to the intrabar inspection technique used on historical bars in my other "Delta Volume" indicators. This is because volume delta here is calculated from many more realtime updates than the available intrabars in history.
Inputs
You can use the script's inputs to configure:
• The number of lines displayed in the tape.
• If new lines appear at the top or bottom.
• If you want to hide lines with low volume.
• The precision of volume values.
• The size of the text and the colors used to highlight either the tape's text or background.
• The position where you want the tape on your chart.
• Conditions triggering three different markers.
Display
Deltas are shown at the bottom of the tape. They are reset on each bar. Time delta displays the time elapsed since the beginning of the bar, on intraday timeframes only. Contrary to the price change display by PulseWire at the top left of charts, which is calculated from the close of the previous bar, the price delta in the tape is calculated from the bar's open, because that's the information used in the calculation of volume delta. The time will become orange when volume delta's polarity diverges from that of the bar. The volume delta value represents the current, cumulative value for the bar. Its color reflects its polarity.
When new realtime bars appear on the chart, a ↻ symbol will appear before the volume value in tape lines.
Markers
There are three types of markers you can choose to display:
• Marker 1 on volume bumps. A bump is defined as two consecutive and increasing/decreasing plus/minus delta volume values,
when no divergence between the polarity of delta volume and the bar occurs on the second bar.
• Marker 2 on volume delta for the bar exceeding a limit of your choice when there is no divergence between the polarity of delta volume and the bar. These trigger at the bar's close.
• Marker 3 on tape lines with volume exceeding a threshold. These trigger in realtime. Be sure to set a threshold high enough so that it doesn't generate too many alerts.
These markers will only display briefly under the bar, but another marker appears next to the relevant line in the tape.
The marker conditions are used to trigger alerts configured on the script. Alert messages will mention the marker(s) that triggered the specific alert event, along with the relevant volume value that triggered the marker. If more than one marker triggers a single alert, they will overprint under the bar, which can make it difficult to distinguish them.
For more detailed on-chart analysis of realtime volume delta, see my Delta Volume Realtime Action .
█ NOTES FOR CODERS
This script showcases two new Pine features:
• Tables, which allow Pine programmers to display tabular information in fixed locations of the chart. The tape uses this feature.
See the Pine User Manual's page on Tables for more information.
• varip -type variables which we can use to save values between realtime updates.
See the " Using `varip` variables " publication by PineCoders for more information.
Indicator
Indicator
Delta Volume Columns Pro [LucF]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator displays volume delta information calculated with intrabar inspection on historical bars, and feed updates when running in realtime. It is designed to run in a pane and can display either stacked buy/sell volume columns or a signal line which can be calculated and displayed in many different ways.
Five different models are offered to reveal different characteristics of the calculated volume delta information. Many options are offered to visualize the calculations, giving you much leeway in morphing the indicator's visuals to suit your needs. If you value delta volume information, I hope you will find the time required to master Delta Volume Columns Pro well worth the investment. I am confident that if you combine a proper understanding of the indicator's information with an intimate knowledge of the volume idiosyncrasies on the markets you trade, you can extract useful market intelligence using this tool.
█ WARNINGS
1. The indicator only works on markets where volume information is available,
Please validate that your symbol's feed carries volume information before asking me why the indicator doesn't plot values.
2. When you refresh your chart or re-execute the script on the chart, the indicator will repaint because elapsed realtime bars will then recalculate as historical bars.
3. Because the indicator uses different modes of calculation on historical and realtime bars, it's critical that you understand the differences between them. Details are provided further down.
4. Calculations using intrabar inspection on historical bars can only be done from some chart timeframes. See further down for a list of supported timeframes.
If the chart's timeframe is not supported, no historical volume delta will display.
█ CONCEPTS
Chart bars
Three different types of bars are used in charts:
1. Historical bars are bars that have already closed when the script executes on them.
2. The realtime bar is the current, incomplete bar where a script is running on an open market. There is only one active realtime bar on your chart at any given time.
The realtime bar is where alerts trigger.
3. Elapsed realtime bars are bars that were calculated when they were realtime bars but have since closed.
When a script re-executes on a chart because the browser tab is refreshed or some of its inputs are changed, elapsed realtime bars are recalculated as historical bars.
Why does this indicator use two modes of calculation?
Historical bars on PulseWire charts contain OHLCV data only, which is insufficient to calculate volume delta on them with any level of precision. To mine more detailed information from those bars we look at intrabars , i.e., bars from a smaller timeframe (we call it the intrabar timeframe ) that are contained in one chart bar. If your chart Is running at 1D on a 24x7 market for example, most 1D chart bars will contain 24 underlying 1H bars in their dilation. On historical bars, this indicator looks at those intrabars to amass volume delta information. If the intrabar is up, its volume goes in the Buy bin, and inversely for the Sell bin. When price does not move on an intrabar, the polarity of the last known movement is used to determine in which bin its volume goes.
In realtime, we have access to price and volume change for each update of the chart. Because a 1D chart bar can be updated tens of thousands of times during the day, volume delta calculations on those updates is much more precise. This precision, however, comes at a price:
— The script must be running on the chart for it to keep calculating in realtime.
— If you refresh your chart you will lose all accumulated realtime calculations on elapsed realtime bars, and the realtime bar.
Elapsed realtime bars will recalculate as historical bars, i.e., using intrabar inspection, and the realtime bar's calculations will reset.
When the script recalculates elapsed realtime bars as historical bars, the values on those bars will change, which means the script repaints in those conditions.
— When the indicator first calculates on a chart containing an incomplete realtime bar, it will count ALL the existing volume on the bar as Buy or Sell volume,
depending on the polarity of the bar at that point. This will skew calculations for that first bar. Scripts have no access to the history of a realtime bar's previous updates,
and intrabar inspection cannot be used on realtime bars, so this is the only to go about this.
— Even if alerts only trigger upon confirmation of their conditions after the realtime bar closes, they are repainting alerts
because they would perhaps not have calculated the same way using intrabar inspection.
— On markets like stocks that often have different EOD and intraday feeds and volume information,
the volume's scale may not be the same for the realtime bar if your chart is at 1D, for example,
and the indicator is using an intraday timeframe to calculate on historical bars.
— Any chart timeframe can be used in realtime mode, but plots that include moving averages in their calculations may require many elapsed realtime bars before they can calculate.
You might prefer drastically reducing the periods of the moving averages, or using the volume columns mode, which displays instant values, instead of the line.
Volume Delta Balances
This indicator uses a variety of methods to evaluate five volume delta balances and derive other values from those balances. The five balances are:
1 — On Bar Balance : This is the only balance using instant values; it is simply the subtraction of the Sell volume from the Buy volume on the bar.
2 — Average Balance : Calculates a distinct EMA for both the Buy and Sell volumes, and subtracts the Sell EMA from the Buy EMA.
3 — Momentum Balance : Starts by calculating, separately for both Buy and Sell volumes, the difference between the same EMAs used in "Average Balance" and
an SMA of double the period used for the "Average Balance" EMAs. The difference for the Sell side is subtracted from the difference for the Buy side,
and an RSI of that value is calculated and brought over the −50/+50 scale.
4 — Relative Balance : The reference values used in the calculation are the Buy and Sell EMAs used in the "Average Balance".
From those, we calculate two intermediate values using how much the instant Buy and Sell volumes on the bar exceed their respective EMA — but with a twist.
If the bar's Buy volume does not exceed the EMA of Buy volume, a zero value is used. The same goes for the Sell volume with the EMA of Sell volume.
Once we have our two intermediate values for the Buy and Sell volumes exceeding their respective MA, we subtract them. The final "Relative Balance" value is an ALMA of that subtraction.
The rationale behind using zero values when the bar's Buy/Sell volume does not exceed its EMA is to only take into account the more significant volume.
If both instant volume values exceed their MA, then the difference between the two is the signal's value.
The signal is called "relative" because the intermediate values are the difference between the instant Buy/Sell volumes and their respective MA.
This balance flatlines when the bar's Buy/Sell volumes do not exceed their EMAs, which makes it useful to spot areas where trader interest dwindles, such as consolidations.
The smaller the period of the final value's ALMA, the more easily you will see the balance flatline. These flat zones should be considered no-trade zones.
5 — Percent Balance : This balance is the ALMA of the ratio of the "On Bar Balance" value, i.e., the volume delta balance on the bar (which can be positive or negative),
over the total volume for that bar.
From the balances and marker conditions, two more values are calculated:
1 — Marker Bias : It sums the up/down (+1/‒1) occurrences of the markers 1 to 4 over a period you define, so it ranges from −4 to +4, times the period.
Its calculation will depend on the modes used to calculate markers 3 and 4.
2 — Combined Balances : This is the sum of the bull/bear (+1/−1) states of each of the five balances, so it ranges from −5 to +5.
█ FEATURES
The indicator has two main modes of operation: Columns and Line .
Columns
• In Columns mode you can display stacked Buy/Sell volume columns.
• The buy section always appears above the centerline, the sell section below.
• The top and bottom sections can be colored independently using eight different methods.
• The EMAs of the Buy/Sell values can be displayed (these are the same EMAs used to calculate the "Average Balance").
Line
• Displays one of seven signals: the five balances or one of two complementary values, i.e., the "Marker Bias" or the "Combined Balances".
• You can color the line and its fill using independent calculation modes to pack more information in the display.
You can thus appraise the state of 3 different values using the line itself, its color and the color of its fill.
• A "Divergence Levels" feature will use the line to automatically draw expanding levels on divergence events.
Default settings
Using the indicator's default settings, this is the information displayed:
• The line is calculated on the "Average Balance".
• The line's color is determined by the bull/bear state of the "Percent Balance".
• The line's fill gradient is determined by the advances/declines of the "Momentum Balance".
• The orange divergence dots are calculated using discrepancies between the polarity of the "On Bar Balance" and the chart's bar.
• The divergence levels are determined using the line's level when a divergence occurs.
• The background's fill gradient is calculated on advances/declines of the "Marker Bias".
• The chart bars are colored using advances/declines of the "Relative Balance". Divergences are shown in orange.
• The intrabar timeframe is automatically determined from the chart's timeframe so that a minimum of 50 intrabars are used to calculate volume delta on historical bars.
Alerts
The configuration of the marker conditions explained further is what determines the conditions that will trigger alerts created from this script. Note that simply selecting the display of markers does not create alerts. To create an alert on this script, you must use ALT-A from the chart. You can create multiple alerts triggering on different conditions from this same script; simply configure the markers so they define the trigger conditions for each alert before creating the alert. The configuration of the script's inputs is saved with the alert, so from then on you can change them without affecting the alert. Alert messages will mention the marker(s) that triggered the specific alert event. Keep in mind, when creating alerts on small chart timeframes, that discrepancies between alert triggers and markers displayed on your chart are to be expected. This is because the alert and your chart are running two distinct instances of the indicator on different servers and different feeds. Also keep in mind that while alerts only trigger on confirmed conditions, they are calculated using realtime calculation mode, which entails that if you refresh your chart and elapsed realtime bars recalculate as historical bars using intrabar inspection, markers will not appear in the same places they appeared in realtime. So it's important to understand that even though the alert conditions are confirmed when they trigger, these alerts will repaint.
Let's go through the sections of the script's inputs.
Columns
The size of the Buy/Sell columns always represents their respective importance on the bar, but the coloring mode for tops and bottoms is independent. The default setup uses a standard coloring mode where the Buy/Sell columns are always in the bull/bear color with a higher intensity for the winning side. Seven other coloring modes allow you to pack more information in the columns. When choosing to color the top columns using a bull/bear gradient on "Average Balance", for example, you will have bull/bear colored tops. In order for the color of the bottom columns to continue to show the instant bar balance, you can then choose the "On Bar Balance — Dual Solid Colors" coloring mode to make those bars the color of the winning side for that bar. You can display the averages of the Buy and Sell columns. If you do, its coloring is controlled through the "Line" and "Line fill" sections below.
Line and Line fill
You can select the calculation mode and the thickness of the line, and independent calculations to determine the line's color and fill.
Zero Line
The zero line can display dots when all five balances are bull/bear.
Divergences
You first select the detection mode. Divergences occur whenever the up/down direction of the signal does not match the up/down polarity of the bar. Divergences are used in three components of the indicator's visuals: the orange dot, colored chart bars, and to calculate the divergence levels on the line. The divergence levels are dynamic levels that automatically build from the line's values on divergence events. On consecutive divergences, the levels will expand, creating a channel. This implementation of the divergence levels corresponds to my view that divergences indicate anomalies, hesitations, points of uncertainty if you will. It precludes any attempt to identify a directional bias to divergences. Accordingly, the levels merely take note of divergence events and mark those points in time with levels. Traders then have a reference point from which they can evaluate further movement. The bull/bear/neutral colors used to plot the levels are also congruent with this view in that they are determined by the line's position relative to the levels, which is how I think divergences can be put to the most effective use. One of the coloring modes for the line's fill uses advances/declines in the line after divergence events.
Background
The background can show a bull/bear gradient on six different calculations. As with other gradients, you can adjust its brightness to make its importance proportional to how you use it in your analysis.
Chart bars
Chart bars can be colored using seven different methods. You have the option of emptying the body of bars where volume does not increase, as does my TLD indicator, and you can choose whether you want to show divergences.
Intrabar Timeframe
This is the intrabar timeframe that will be used to calculate volume delta using intrabar inspection on historical bars. You can choose between four modes. The three "Auto-steps" modes calculate, from the chart's timeframe, the intrabar timeframe where the said number of intrabars will make up the dilation of chart bars. Adjustments are made for non-24x7 markets. "Fixed" mode allows you to select the intrabar timeframe you want. Checking the "Show TF" box will display in the lower-right corner the intrabar timeframe used at any given moment. The proper selection of the intrabar timeframe is important. It must achieve maximal granularity to produce precise results while not unduly slowing down calculations, or worse, causing runtime errors. Note that historical depth will vary with the intrabar timeframe. The smaller the timeframe, the shallower historical plots you will be.
Markers
Markers appear when the required condition has been confirmed on a closed bar. The configuration of the markers when you create an alert is what determines when the alert will trigger. Five markers are available:
• Balances Agreement : All five balances are either bullish or bearish.
• Double Bumps : A double bump is two consecutive up/down bars with +/‒ volume delta, and rising Buy/Sell volume above its average.
• Divergence confirmations : A divergence is confirmed up/down when the chosen balance is up/down on the previous bar when that bar was down/up, and this bar is up/down.
• Balance Shifts : These are bull/bear transitions of the selected signal.
• Marker Bias Shifts : Marker bias shifts occur when it crosses into bull/bear territory.
Periods
Allows control over the periods of the different moving averages used to calculate the balances.
Volume Discrepancies
Stock exchanges do not report the same volume for intraday and daily (or higher) resolutions. Other variations in how volume information is reported can also occur in other markets, namely Forex, where volume irregularities can even occur between different intraday timeframes. This will cause discrepancies between the total volume on the bar at the chart's timeframe, and the total volume calculated by adding the volume of the intrabars in that bar's dilation. This does not necessarily invalidate the volume delta information calculated from intrabars, but it tells us that we are using partial volume data. A mechanism to detect chart vs intrabar timeframe volume discrepancies is provided. It allows you to define a threshold percentage above which the background will indicate a difference has been detected.
Other Settings
You can control here the display of the gray dot reminder on realtime bars, and the display of error messages if you are using a chart timeframe that is not greater than the fixed intrabar timeframe, when you use that mode. Disabling the message can be useful if you only use realtime mode at chart timeframes that do not support intrabar inspection.
█ RAMBLINGS
On Volume Delta
Volume is arguably the best complement to interpret price action, and I consider volume delta to be the most effective way of processing volume information. In periods of low-volatility price consolidations, volume will typically also be lower than normal, but slight imbalances in the trend of the buy/sell volume balance can sometimes help put early odds on the direction of the break from consolidation. Additionally, the progression of the volume imbalance can help determine the proximity of the breakout. I also find volume delta and the number of divergences very useful to evaluate the strength of trends. In trends, I am looking for "slow and steady", i.e., relatively low volatility and pauses where price action doesn't look like world affairs are being reassessed. In my personal mythology, this type of trend is often more resilient than high-volatility breakouts, especially when volume balance confirms the general agreement of traders signaled by the low-volatility usually accompanying this type of trend. The volume action on pauses will often help me decide between aggressively taking profits, tightening a stop or going for a longer-term movement. As for reversals, they generally occur in high-volatility areas where entering trades is more expensive and riskier. While the identification of counter-trend reversals fascinates many traders to no end, they represent poor opportunities in my view. Volume imbalances often precede reversals, but I prefer to use volume delta information to identify the areas following reversals where I can confirm them and make relatively low-cost entries with better odds.
On "Buy/Sell" Volume
Buying or selling volume are misnomers, as every unit of volume transacted is both bought and sold by two different traders. While this does not keep me from using the terms, there is no such thing as “buy only” or “sell only” volume. Trader lingo is riddled with peculiarities.
Divergences
The divergence detection method used here relies on a difference between the direction of a signal and the polarity (up/down) of a chart bar. When using the default "On Bar Balance" to detect divergences, however, only the bar's volume delta is used. You may wonder how there can be divergences between buying/selling volume information and price movement on one bar. This will sometimes be due to the calculation's shortcomings, but divergences may also occur in instances where because of order book structure, it takes less volume to increase the price of an asset than it takes to decrease it. As usual, divergences are points of interest because they reveal imbalances, which may or may not become turning points. To your pattern-hungry brain, the divergences displayed by this indicator will — as they do on other indicators — appear to often indicate turnarounds. My opinion is that reality is generally quite sobering and I have no reliable information that would tend to prove otherwise. Exercise caution when using them. Consequently, I do not share the overwhelming enthusiasm of traders in identifying bullish/bearish divergences. For me, the best course of action when a divergence occurs is to wait and see what happens from there. That is the rationale underlying how my divergence levels work; they take note of a signal's level when a divergence occurs, and it's the signal's behavior from that point on that determines if the post-divergence action is bullish/bearish.
Superfluity
In "The Bed of Procrustes", Nassim Nicholas Taleb writes: To bankrupt a fool, give him information . This indicator can display lots of information. While learning to use a new indicator inevitably requires an adaptation period where we put it through its paces and try out all its options, once you have become used to it and decide to adopt it, rigorously eliminate the components you don't use and configure the remaining ones so their visual prominence reflects their relative importance in your analysis. I tried to provide flexible options for traders to control this indicator's visuals for that exact reason — not for window dressing.
█ LIMITATIONS
• This script uses a special characteristic of the `security()` function allowing the inspection of intrabars — which is not officially supported by PulseWire.
It has the advantage of permitting a more robust calculation of volume delta than other methods on historical bars, but also has its limits.
• Intrabar inspection only works on some chart timeframes: 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 1 month.
The script’s code can be modified to run on other resolutions.
• When the difference between the chart’s timeframe and the intrabar timeframe is too great, runtime errors will occur. The Auto-Steps selection mechanisms should avoid this.
• All volume is not created equally. Its source, components, quality and reliability will vary considerably with sectors and instruments.
The higher the quality, the more reliably volume delta information can be used to guide your decisions.
You should make it your responsibility to understand the volume information provided in the data feeds you use. It will help you make the most of volume delta.
█ NOTES
For traders
• The Data Window shows key values for the indicator.
• While this indicator displays some of the same information calculated in my Delta Volume Columns ,
I have elected to make it a separate publication so that traders continue to have a simpler alternative available to them. Both code bases will continue to evolve separately.
• All gradients used in this indicator determine their brightness intensities using advances/declines in the signal—not their relative position in a pre-determined scale.
• Volume delta being relative, by nature, it is particularly well-suited to Forex markets, as it filters out quite elegantly the cyclical volume data characterizing the sector.
If you are interested in volume delta, consider having a look at my other "Delta Volume" indicators:
• Delta Volume Realtime Action displays realtime volume delta and tick information on the chart.
• Delta Volume Candles builds volume delta candles on the chart.
• Delta Volume Columns is a simpler version of this indicator.
For coders
• I use the `f_c_gradientRelativePro()` from the PineCoders Color Gradient Framework to build my gradients.
This function has the advantage of allowing begin/end colors for both the bull and bear colors. It also allows us to define the number of steps allowed for each gradient.
I use this to modulate the gradients so they perform optimally on the combination of the signal used to calculate advances/declines,
but also the nature of the visual component the gradient applies to. I use fewer steps for choppy signals and when the gradient is used on discrete visual components
such as volume columns or chart bars.
• I use the PineCoders Coding Conventions for Pine to write my scripts.
• I used functions modified from the PineCoders MTF Selection Framework for the selection of timeframes.
█ THANKS TO:
— The devs from PulseWire's Pine and other teams, and the PineCoders who collaborate with them. They are doing amazing work,
and much of what this indicator does could not be done without their recent improvements to Pine.
— A guy called Kuan who commented on a Backtest Rookies presentation of their Volume Profile indicator using a `for` loop.
This indicator started from the intrabar inspection technique illustrated in Kuan's snippet.
— theheirophant , my partner in the exploration of the sometimes weird abysses of `security()`’s behavior at intrabar timeframes.
— midtownsk8rguy , my brilliant companion in mining the depths of Pine graphics. Indicator
Delta Volume Columns [LucF]Displays delta volume columns using intrabar volume information. Each volume column is divided into three sections: buying, selling and neutral volume. Volume for each section is determined from the volume and price movement of each intrabar at a user-selected lower resolution.
Features include:
- Choice of color themes for either dark or light chart backgrounds
- Delta volume columns
- Volume Balance displayed as the difference between the MAs of buying and selling volume
- Display of divergences between a bar’s volume balance and the bar’s price movement (example: buying volume > selling volume but close < open). Divergences can be shown in 2 different color schemes (including green/red showing a tentative direction), on volume columns and/or on chart bars
- Display of bar by bar volume balance with highlighting of above average volume
- Display of the usual total volume MA
- Choice of the lower resolution used to retrieve intrabar information
- Alerts configurable on any combination of the markers, with control over long/short direction
- Choice of 3 different markers:
1. Double bumps: two consecutive bars where buying or selling volume is in the same direction and where volume > volume MA
2. Divergence confirmations: direction of the price bar following a price/volume balance divergence
3. Volume balance shifts: zero level crossings of the volume balance MA delta
The chart shows the two main modes of display:
- Top pane : shows the stacked volume columns with divergences in orange and the flattened volume balance MAs delta at the bottom of the volume columns. This volume balance is the same shown in the bottom pane. The top pane also shows the instant volume balance strip above the volume columns. The strip’s colors show which of the buying or selling volume was greater, and colors are brighter if the total volume was above the total volume MA.
- Bottom pane : shows the volume balance MAs delta with markers 1 and 2. Given that this graphic has no price momentum component, I find quite eerie how it often looks like a momentum-based signal.
The default 5 minute intrabar resolution is used in combination with the weekly chart, which is excessive.
This script uses a special characteristic of the security() function’s behavior when it is sent to a resolution lower than the chart’s resolution. Details are given in the script’s comments. This method has the advantage of working under more circumstances than some of the other loop-based methods, but it also has its limits.
IMPORTANT
This is what you need to know:
- The method used does not work on the realtime bar—only on historical bars. Consequently, the volume column shown on the realtime bar is a normal volume column plotted in green or red, following price movement. The column will only show delta volume information after it closes and becomes a historical bar.
- The indicator only works on some chart resolutions: 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. The script’s code can be modified to run on other resolutions, but chart resolutions must be divisible by the lower resolution used for intrabars.
- Intrabar resolutions can be selected from 1, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. The intrabar resolution must of course be smaller than the chart’s resolution.
- Contrary to my other indicators where alerts must be configured to trigger “Once Per Bar Close” in order to avoid false triggers (or repainting), all this indicator’s alerts are designed to trigger using previous bar information since the indicator’s calculations in the realtime bar are not exact. Markers are not plotted with a negative offset; they appear at the beginning of the realtime bar following confirmation of the marker’s condition on the previous bar. Alerts for this indicator should thus be configured to trigger “Once Per Bar” so they trigger at the beginning of the realtime bar. Note that the penalty is not that great, as it is simply the instant between the close of the previous realtime bar and the opening of the next. The advantage of using this technique is that the indicator does not repaint; a marker that appears at the beginning of the realtime bar will never disappear.
- The script only plots information that is reliable in the realtime bar, i.e., total volume and markers. All other plots are set to n/a to prevent misleading traders.
- When the difference between the chart’s resolution and the lower resolution is too important, volume columns will not calculate for all bars in the dataset.
On Delta Volume
Buying or selling volume are misnomers, as every unit of volume transacted is both bought and sold by 2 different traders. There is no such thing as “buy only” or “sell only” volume, but trader lingo is riddled with original fabulations.
Without access to order book information, traders work with the assumption that when price moves up during a bar, there was more buying pressure than selling pressure. The built-in volume indicator available on PulseWire uses this logic to color the volume columns green or red. While this script’s numbers are more precise because it analyses a number of intrabars to calculate its information, it uses the exact same imperfect logic to calculate its buying/selling/neutral sections.
Until Pine scripts can have access to how much volume was transacted at the bid/ask prices, our so-called buying/selling volume information will always be a mere proxy.
Divergences
You may wonder how there can be divergences between buying/selling volume information and price movement. This will sometimes be due to the methodology’s shortcomings we have just discussed, but divergences may also occur in instances where because of order book structure, it takes less volume to increase the price of an asset than it takes to decrease it.
As usual, divergences are points of interest because they reveal imbalances, which may or may not become turning points. I do not share the overwhelming enthusiasm traders have for divergences. To your pattern-hungry brain, the orange bars this indicator shows on chart will—as divergences on other indicators do–appear to often indicate turnarounds. My opinion is that reality is generally quite sobering, as many who have tried building automated rules based on divergences will tell you. I do not have hard numbers on the lack of performance of divergences—only many failed attempts to make them perform, which a few experienced strategy modelers I know share with me. Please don’t try to read too much into them. While they look great on past data, I find they are often difficult to use in realtime to make bets with good odds.
Thanks to:
- A guy called Kuan who commented on a Backtest Rookies presentation of an intrabar delta volume indicator using a for loop. The heart of “my” indicator is code borrowed from Kuan; I just built a hopefully useful wrapper around it.
- @theheirophant, my partner in the exploration of the sometimes weird abysses of security() ’s behavior at lower resolutions.
Indicator
