RibbonFlux MA - Adaptive Flow [AFD]
Your averages are stacked and pointing the same way - but is that move widening, just holding, or already compressing?
Every MA ribbon on the shelf draws the same two or three lines and floods the gap with one colour at one opacity. So a ribbon that has pulled four ATR apart and is still separating looks exactly like a ribbon that has collapsed onto itself. The fill never tells you anything the lines didn't, which is why most people end up reading the lines and ignoring the shading entirely.
RibbonFlux makes the space between the lines carry the information. The gap is measured against ATR, ranked against its own recent history, and the shading answers to that: it deepens while the legs separate in agreement, and drains to a restrained neutral the moment they compress or lose their order. Same averages you already read - the space between them now states which of four conditions it is in.
WHY IT MATTERS
Separation and compression are the two things an MA ribbon actually knows, and the standard ribbon throws both away by drawing them identically. RibbonFlux spends its whole visual budget on that one distinction. It describes geometry already on your chart - never a prediction of what comes next, and never an instruction to act.
AT A GLANCE
Three independent averages - Lead, Base, and an optional Third. Each picks its own method, length (2-250) and price source, and a single enabled average still draws on its own.
Eight methods per slot - EMA, SMA, WMA, VWMA, HMA, RMA (Wilder), McGinley Dynamic, Fibonacci EMA Composite. Mixed freely: an HMA Lead over an EMA Base over an RMA Third is a valid setup.
Seven price sources per slot - Open, High, Low, Close, HL2, HLC3, OHLC4. Set per average rather than globally, and always on the chart timeframe.
The Flow Phase Engine - four conditions drive the fill's colour and depth: coherent expansion, stable flow, compression, mixed structure. Display only, and they never touch the MA values.
Each leg measured separately - Lead/Base and Base/Third are scored independently, so one fill can be compressing while the other expands. A single-opacity ribbon cannot show that.
Twelve palettes - Ocean, Indigo, Ember, Mono, Forest, Gold, Violet, Orderflow, Midnight, Copper, Arctic, Carbon. Or set Line color mode to Custom for a fixed colour per average, independent of the flow.
Line width and line style - 1 to 4 pixels, and Solid, Stepped, Dotted or Crosses. Applied to every core line and both halo tiers together, so the whole system thins or thickens as one.
Optional flow candles - bodies, wicks and borders take the relationship colour. Off by default, and under Adaptive dynamics they turn neutral during compression along with the ribbon.
Deliberately quiet - seven plots, two fills, one optional candle overlay. No alerts, no arrows, no dashboard, no labels, no boxes, no trendlines, nothing else drawn.
THE FOUR FLOW PHASES
Each leg of the ribbon is classified on every bar, and its own fill responds. Nothing here produces an event, and no phase ranks, scores or grades the market.
Coherent expansion - the enabled averages are in order, sloping the same way, and that leg is widening. Deepest shading: the phase factor is 1.00.
Stable flow - in order and sloping together, but the leg is not widening. Held back at 0.75.
Compression - the leg's ATR-normalized spacing sits in the bottom fifth of its own last 100 bars. Restrained neutral colour, and a phase factor of 0.00, which leaves depth at its 0.35 floor.
Mixed structure - the ordering or the slope agreement has broken. Restrained neutral colour, minimal shading at 0.25.
Compression uses a deadband, not a single threshold: a leg enters compression at a percent rank of 20 or below and only leaves it at 30 or above, so a leg hovering near one number does not flicker between two appearances. Before 100 bars of history exist, no leg is classified as compressed.
THE MECHANICS, STATED PLAINLY
ATR spacing = abs(faster average - slower average) / max(ATR(14), one tick)
leg depth = 0.35 + 0.65 x clamp(ATR spacing, 0, 1) x phase factor, then EMA-smoothed over the Flow response length
compression: enter at percent rank <= 20 over 100 bars, leave at >= 30
ordered: Lead > Base (> Third), or Lead < Base (< Third)
Flow response sets one number used three ways - the slope lookback, the expansion lookback, and the smoothing length: Quick is 2 bars, Balanced 3, Smooth 5. Setting Ribbon dynamics to Fixed bypasses the engine and holds each fill at the opacity you selected.
HOW IT DIFFERS FROM A STANDARD MA RIBBON
The fill is measured, not decorative - opacity is a function of ATR-normalized spacing and phase, recomputed every bar. A conventional ribbon fills the gap at a constant tone however wide or narrow it is.
Both legs are scored on their own terms - the Lead/Base fill and the Base/Third fill can disagree, so compression in the inner leg does not mute the outer one, or the reverse.
Compression is relative to the instrument, and sticky - a percent rank of its own history with a 20/30 deadband, not a fixed price or tick distance. It travels across symbols and timeframes without retuning.
Two methods a ribbon rarely offers - McGinley Dynamic and a Fibonacci EMA Composite. The composite is the equal-weight mean of five EMAs at Fibonacci-scaled periods; McGinley scales its own step by the fourth power of the price ratio.
The arithmetic ships with an independent open-source reference implementation - every documented formula is reproducible rather than asserted. A trust signal, not the pitch: what you are here for is the ribbon, not the tests.
THE VISUALS
Lead and Base - a crisp core line plus two restrained halo tiers each. At the default width of 2 the Lead halos are 6 and 4 pixels and the Base halos 5 and 3; Line width scales all of it together.
Glow - Off, Soft, Balanced, Rich, with opacity following Lead/Base spacing independently of the ribbon. So the lines themselves brighten as the pair separates, with a floor so they never vanish.
Ribbon shading - Off, Soft, Balanced, Rich sets the maximum depth the Flow Phases then modulate. Off removes both fills and leaves the lines.
A valid Third MA - one crisp line plus its own Base-to-Third shade. It also joins the ordering and slope tests, so enabling it makes coherence a three-line condition.
Line style - Stepped holds each value until the next bar. Dotted and Crosses place one mark per bar, so spacing follows bar width and opens up as you zoom in. Pine's plot() has no stroked dotted or dashed line, and this script uses no drawing objects to fake one.
Layering - the lines and fills draw in front of the candles, not behind them. Deliberate, so the optional flow candles can colour wicks and borders as well as bodies; if it reads heavy, Line width 1 or Glow Soft thins it.
HOW TO USE IT
Start with the defaults - Close EMA 9 over Close EMA 21, Ocean, Balanced glow and shading, Adaptive dynamics. Chosen for readability, not tuned as trading parameters.
Enable the Third MA for slower context - it defaults to Close EMA 50. Ordering then requires all three in sequence, a stricter condition than two.
Reach for Flow response first - Quick if the shading feels sluggish, Smooth if it feels twitchy. It is the one control that changes how fast the appearance reacts.
Set Ribbon dynamics to Fixed to switch the engine off - a plain constant-opacity ribbon, for comparing against what you ran before. Everything else, from palette to custom colours to width, style, glow and candle colouring, is taste: set it once and leave it.
WHAT IT DELIBERATELY DOES NOT DO
It issues no alerts and has no alert conditions at all. It draws no arrows, entries, retests, setup zones, targets or labels, keeps no dashboard or readout, and ranks, scores and grades nothing. It makes no accuracy, reliability, profitability, probability or future-result claim of any kind. Moving averages are lagging transformations of price that has already printed: visible separation, alignment or colour establishes neither future direction nor the quality of any trade. Educational chart context only - not financial advice.
DATA, TIMEFRAMES, AND WHAT TO CHECK YOURSELF
Everything is computed on your chart's own timeframe and data - there are no higher-timeframe requests anywhere in the source, so there is no lookahead argument to disclose and no second feed to reconcile against your chart.
Any MA moves while its bar is still forming , and two parts of this script also carry state from bar to bar: the McGinley recursion and the compression deadband. That describes the mechanism. Confirm it with the bar-replay tool on your own symbol and timeframe before relying on it - a description of mechanism is not that check, and nothing here claims to be.
The averages read chart OHLC - on Heikin Ashi, Renko, Range or similar they average those synthetic values, not traded prices. Use standard time-based candles if you want the averages to describe real prices.
VWMA needs usable volume, and the Fibonacci EMA Composite needs a length of 8 or more - each is simply unavailable otherwise. A selected calculation that cannot be produced stays unavailable: the script never silently substitutes another method.
McGinley seeds from an SMA of its own length, then advances by previous + (source - previous) / (0.6 x length x ratio^4). If its source or recurrence goes invalid the line goes unavailable and reseeds only after the next contiguous valid window.
Identical Lead and Base settings leave nothing to read - both lines still draw, but the ribbon and flow candles switch off and the lines fall back to neutral. A Third duplicating Lead or Base likewise draws its line while taking no shade and no phase depth.
ORIGINALITY AND CREDIT
Ribbon indicators are old ground; what is new here is that the fill is a measurement rather than a decoration - ATR-normalized leg spacing, a relative compression rank with hysteresis, and per-leg depth, all resolved into colour and opacity and nothing else. The engine is deliberately confined to display, and the surface is deliberately small.
Open source under the Mozilla Public License 2.0. (c) Auction Foundry LLC.
This indicator describes the geometry of averages computed from your chart's own price history. It is not a forecast, not a signal, and not financial advice. Indicator
Indicator
Mark specific candle (e.g. bar 20)This Pine Script indicator, "Mark specific candle (e.g. bar 20)" (short title "Mark candle"), is a simple yet powerful tool to visually highlight a particular candle on your chart.
What it does:
It marks a specific candle (e.g., the 20th, 10th, or any number you choose) counting backwards from the most recent candle on your chart. The marked candle will be colored in a subtle light grey and also feature a tiny, matching grey arrow pointing down from above it.
Why it's useful:
This indicator helps you quickly identify and track a consistent reference point in recent price action. It's great for strategies that depend on fixed look-back periods or for simply keeping an eye on a specific historical candle's position as new data comes in.
Key Features:
Adjustable Candle Number: Easily change which candle is marked (e.g., 20th, 10th, 5th) directly from the indicator settings using the "Candle Number to Mark (from end)" input.
Clear Visuals: Both the candle color and a small arrow provide a subtle, yet effective, visual cue.
How to use:
Simply add this script to your PulseWire chart. Then, open the indicator's settings to set your desired candle number. Indicator
Indicator
Indicator
AI InfinityAI Infinity – Multidimensional Market Analysis
Overview
The AI Infinity indicator combines multiple analysis tools into a single solution. Alongside dynamic candle coloring based on MACD and Stochastic signals, it features Alligator lines, several RSI lines (including glow effects), and optionally enabled EMAs (20/50, 100, and 200). Every module is individually configurable, allowing traders to tailor the indicator to their personal style and strategy.
Important Note (Disclaimer)
This indicator is provided for educational and informational purposes only.
It does not constitute financial or investment advice and offers no guarantee of profit.
Each trader is responsible for their own trading decisions.
Past performance does not guarantee future results.
Please review the settings thoroughly and adjust them to your personal risk profile; consider supplementary analyses or professional guidance where appropriate.
Functionality & Components
1. Candle Coloring (MACD & Stochastic)
Objective: Provide an immediate visual snapshot of the market’s condition.
Details:
MACD Signal: Used to identify bullish and bearish momentum.
Stochastic: Detects overbought and oversold zones.
Color Modes: Offers both a simple (two-color) mode and a gradient mode.
2. Alligator Lines
Objective: Assist with trend analysis and determining the market’s current phase.
Details:
Dynamic SMMA Lines (Jaw, Teeth, Lips) that adjust based on volatility and market conditions.
Multiple Lengths: Each element uses a separate smoothing period (13, 8, 5).
Transparency: You can show or hide each line independently.
3. RSI Lines & Glow Effects
Objective: Display the RSI values directly on the price chart so critical levels (e.g., 20, 50, 80) remain visible at a glance.
Details:
RSI Scaling: The RSI is plotted in the chart window, eliminating the need to switch panels.
Dynamic Transparency: A pulse effect indicates when the RSI is near critical thresholds.
Glow Mode: Choose between “Direct Glow” or “Dynamic Transparency” (based on ATR distance).
Custom RSI Length: Freely adjustable (default is 14).
4. Optional EMAs (20/50, 100, 200)
Objective: Utilize moving averages for trend assessment and identifying potential support/resistance areas.
Details:
20/50 EMA: Select which one to display via a dropdown menu.
100 EMA & 200 EMA: Independently enabled.
Color Logic: Automatically green (price > EMA) or red (price < EMA). Each EMA’s up/down color is customizable.
Configuration Options
Candle Coloring:
Choose between Gradient or Simple mode.
Adjust the color scheme for bullish/bearish candles.
Transparency is dynamically based on candle body size and Stochastic state.
Alligator Lines:
Toggle each line (Jaw/Teeth/Lips) on or off.
Select individual colors for each line.
RSI Section:
RSI Length can be set as desired.
RSI lines (0, 20, 50, 80, 100) with user-defined colors and transparency (pulse effect).
Additional lines (e.g., RSI 40/60) are also available.
Glow Effects:
Switch between “Dynamic Transparency” (ATR-based) and “Direct Glow”.
Independently applied to the RSI 100 and RSI 0 lines.
EMAs (20/50, 100, 200):
Activate each one as needed.
Each EMA’s up/down color can be customized.
Example Use Cases
Trend Identification:
Enable Alligator lines to gauge general trend direction through SMMA signals.
Timing:
Watch the Candle Colors to spot potential overbought or oversold conditions.
Fine-Tuning:
Utilize the RSI lines to closely monitor important thresholds (50 as a trend barometer, 80/20 as possible reversal zones).
Filtering:
Enable a 50 EMA to quickly see if the market is trading above (bullish) or below (bearish) it.
Indicator
HTF Candle Consistency [LuxAlgo]The HTF Candle Consistency indicator tracks the most recent candle sentiment in up to 10 Higher Timeframe (HTF) and colors the user chart candle bodies based on the dominating sentiment. Users can weigh specific timeframes more significantly.
Additionally, the script provides an HTF dashboard that displays the current directional readouts for each selected timeframe to allow for an independent HTF analysis.
🔶 USAGE
Analyzing the movement and direction of higher timeframe candles can help filter out noisy variation from the price, and could be utilized to time trades better. When the majority of recent candles from the selected timeframes are bullish, the candle body will be colored in green, if this majority is bearish it will be colored in red.
Using the "Tricolor" coloring mode introduces a third coloring option, and is used when there isn't a clear sentiment majority across the selected timeframes, this option effectively allows for filtering out unwanted trends.
Users can control the variations to be filtered out depending on their chart timeframe and the enabled HTF's in the settings. Using low timeframes with higher HTF's will gray out a larger amount of candles, disabling these timeframes, changing them, or giving higher weighting to lower HTF's will allow for obtaining more dominance detection, and as such less grayed-out candles.
As seen above, the weight function allows for precise control over the specific elements being analyzed.
This indicator also features a dashboard for viewing each timeframe's direction at the same time. By doing so, it allows for better judgment on the specific elements composing the current HTF majority.
🔶 DETAILS
This indicator is only intended for Higher Timeframe Analysis, all the input timeframes should be kept equal to or lower than your current chart timeframe.
NOTE: This is necessary for data accuracy in most multi-timeframe indicators, and is generally a good practice to keep in mind.
As a reminder, the dashboard will display the timeframe in red text if a lower timeframe is detected. It is recommended to change or disable this timeframe for your analysis.
This indicator can support up to 10 timeframes, each with independent weightings.
NOTE: When a timeframe is disabled, the dashboard will no longer display that timeframe, and it will not be used in calculations.
🔹 Candle Coloring
Candle color can be selected between 3 modes.
Tricolor (Default): Changes the color based on a 3-part split of the possible data sum range.
Bicolor: Changes the color based on the sum being greater than or less than 0.
Gradient: Uses a 3-color gradient to determine the candle color based on the possible data sum range.
🔶 SETTINGS
🔹 Higher Timeframes
Toggle: Enable/Disable the timeframe from analysis.
Timeframe: Select which timeframe to use for analysis. <- NOTE: This input reflects any custom intervals you have created on Tradingview.
Weight: Determines the Weighting (Multiplier) for the timeframe's direction.
🔹 Style
Color Mode: (More details above) Determines the color mode in use for coloring candles.
🔹 Dashboard
General Settings: Control Toggle, Location, & Size of Dashboard on your chart.
Orientation: Choose to display the dashboard in a "Vertical (default)" or "Horizontal" orientation to fit your style.
Indicator
Indicator
CANDLE LEVELS [PRO]This indicator provides you with 55 levels! with labels to help you identify quickly where current price is in relation to the OPEN, CLOSE, HIGH OF DAY and LOW OF DAY to a respective level. Choose from levels as low as the 5 minute time frame all the way up to 200 days. All of the levels except the day's OPEN, HIGH OF DAY AND LOW OF DAY use the PREVIOUS time frame's level. In other words, when you're looking at the "1 DAY HIGH", that's actually the previous day's HIGH OF DAY. Whether you're a scalper on the lower time frames or a swing trader that mainly uses the 1 hour and above, these candle levels can be an invaluable source of support and resistance; in other words you'll often see price bounce off of a level (whether price is increasing or decreasing) once or multiple times and that could be an indication of a price's direction. Another way that you could utilize this indicator is to use it in confluence with other popular signals, such as an EMA crossover. For instance, you could watch as price rises above the 21 EMA all the while price is also crossing up and over the previous day's HIGH OF DAY with a relative volume that's double that of the previous week's average. These are just a few of some potential bullish signals that you could look for to go long on a trade using the candle levels provided.
I've made this indicator extremely customizable:
⚡Each level has 2 labels: 1 "at level" and 1 "at right", each label and price can be disabled
⚡Each label has its own input for label padding. The "at right" label padding input allows you to zoom in and out of a chart without the labels moving along their respective axis
⚡Each label's text can be customized via an "input.string" code base
⚡Each level's label can be changed via a plot style setting to determine if the label is centered with it's respective level or rides along the top of it
⚡Significant figures input allows you to round price up or down
⚡A "bias EMA" tool that color codes the candles and price line to show you where price is in relation to the 21 EMA (or another value that you pick). As a result, this can be an effective visual to help reduce cognitive load
⚡A "fill level" where color is determined by price opening above or below the previous day's close
⚡A "use current close" setting that's great to use in pre-market as it shows you where price is in relation to the previous days' close
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🙏Thanks to (c)satymahajan for the inspiration behind the ATR "previous close" and "bias candle" code base
🙏Thanks to my mentor (c)SimpleCryptoLife for the libraries and extensive code to help create this indicator Indicator
Indicator
Indicator
Hide Active Candle [SteinG]Hide Active Candle
An essential tool for disciplined traders seeking to avoid making hasty decisions based on active bars that have not yet closed.
Have you ever found yourself eagerly anticipating an entry, only to be tempted by an active candle that starts to pull away? Or perhaps you've been caught in a trade where an active candle pushes against you, stirring unease and uncertainty. Fear not, for we have a solution!
"Hide Active Candle" is a simple Pine Script indicator designed to ghost the active bar on your chart, reinforcing the importance of patiently waiting for its closure before making any trading decisions. By masking the active candle, this indicator serves as a constant reminder to exercise caution and to base your actions on solid, confirmed information.
To make the most of this powerful tool, ensure that you are using a candlestick chart, as this script operates optimally within that framework. Follow these simple steps to get started:
1. Right-click on your chart and select "Settings..."
2. From the drop-down menu, choose "Symbol" under the "Chart Settings" section.
3. Disable every item in the list to fully utilize the capabilities of "Hide Active Candle."
But wait, there's more! We understand that each trader has unique preferences and requirements. That's why we've included customizable settings within the script to tailor it to your specific needs. You have the option to adjust the following parameters:
- Countdown seconds left : Specify the number of seconds before the bar closes when the current candle becomes visible.
- Bull candle color : Select the color that represents bullish candles on your chart.
- Bear candle color : Choose the color that indicates bearish candles.
- Equal candle color : Define the color for Doji star candles.
- Theme : Opt for a dark or light theme, as the active candle mask will be based on your chosen theme.
- Custom hidden color : Personalize the mask color according to your preferences.
By fine-tuning these settings, you can create a trading environment that perfectly suits your style and enhances your decision-making process. Indicator
Candle Color OverlayDescription:
The Candle Color Overlay (CCO) indicator is a powerful tool for visualizing price movements on a chart. It overlays the chart with customizable colors, highlighting bullish and bearish candles based on their open and close values. This indicator helps traders quickly identify the direction of price movements and assess market sentiment.
How it Works:
The Candle Color Overlay indicator performs the following steps:
1. Calculation of the OHLC (Open, High, Low, Close) values for each candle based on the selected timeframe.
2. Classification of each candle as bullish or bearish:
- A bullish candle is when the closing price is greater than or equal to the opening price.
- A bearish candle is when the closing price is lower than the opening price.
3. Overlaying colors on the chart:
- The indicator applies a bullish color to the background when candles are classified as bullish and a bearish color to the background when candles classified as bearish. This overlay provides a visual representation of price movements.
4. Optional display of price movement labels:
- If enabled, the indicator shows a text label at the bottom of the current candle, indicating the percentage increase or decrease in price during a bullish or bearish background period.
Usage:
To effectively use the Candle Color Overlay indicator, follow these steps:
1. Add the indicator to your chart from the list of available indicators.
2. Configure the indicator's inputs:
- Choose the desired color for bullish candles using the "Bullish Color" input.
- Select the preferred color for bearish candles using the "Bearish Color" input.
- Specify the timeframe for analysis using the "Time Frame" input (default is 1 hour).
- Optionally enable the "Show Background Price Movement" input to display the percentage increase or decrease in price during each background period.
3. Analyze the colored overlay:
- Bullish colors represent candles where the closing price is greater than or equal to the opening price, indicating bullish sentiment.
- Bearish colors represent candles where the closing price is lower than the opening price, indicating bearish sentiment.
4. If enabled, observe the price movement labels
5. Combine the insights from the colored overlay and the price movement labels with other technical analysis tools, such as trend lines, support and resistance levels, or candlestick patterns, to make well-informed trading decisions. Indicator
Histogram Momentum Shaded CandlesDescription:
The Histogram Momentum Shaded Candles indicator (HMSC) is a powerful technical analysis tool that combines the concepts of the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) indicator and shaded candlestick visualization. It provides insights into momentum and trend strength by representing the MACD histogram as shaded candles on the chart.
How it Works:
The HMSC indicator calculates the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) using user-defined parameters such as the fast length, slow length, source, signal smoothing, and moving average types. It then calculates the MACD histogram by subtracting the signal line from the MACD line. The indicator transforms the histogram values into transparency levels for the shaded candles, representing bullish and bearish momentum.
Usage:
To effectively utilize the Histogram Momentum Shaded Candles indicator, follow these steps:
1. Apply the HMSC indicator to your chart by adding it from the available indicators.
2. Customize the MACD settings such as the fast length, slow length, source, signal smoothing, and moving average types according to your trading preferences.
3. Observe the shaded candles plotted on the chart:
- Bullish shaded candles (green by default) indicate positive momentum and potential buying pressure.
- Bearish shaded candles (red by default) indicate negative momentum and potential selling pressure.
4. Assess the intensity of the shaded candles:
5. Shading intensity is determined by the magnitude of the MACD histogram, with higher values resulting in more opaque candles.
6. The shading intensity reflects the strength of momentum and can help identify significant shifts in price action.
7. Combine the analysis of shaded candles with traditional candlestick patterns, trend lines, support and resistance levels, and other technical indicators to validate potential trade setups.
8. Implement appropriate risk management strategies, including setting stop-loss orders and position sizing, to manage your trades effectively and protect your capital. Indicator
T3 Velocity Candles [Loxx]T3 Velocity Candles is a candle coloring overlay that calculates its gradient coloring using T3 velocity.
What is the T3 moving average?
Better Moving Averages Tim Tillson
November 1, 1998
Tim Tillson is a software project manager at Hewlett-Packard, with degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science. He has privately traded options and equities for 15 years.
Introduction
"Digital filtering includes the process of smoothing, predicting, differentiating, integrating, separation of signals, and removal of noise from a signal. Thus many people who do such things are actually using digital filters without realizing that they are; being unacquainted with the theory, they neither understand what they have done nor the possibilities of what they might have done."
This quote from R. W. Hamming applies to the vast majority of indicators in technical analysis . Moving averages, be they simple, weighted, or exponential, are lowpass filters; low frequency components in the signal pass through with little attenuation, while high frequencies are severely reduced.
"Oscillator" type indicators (such as MACD , Momentum, Relative Strength Index ) are another type of digital filter called a differentiator.
Tushar Chande has observed that many popular oscillators are highly correlated, which is sensible because they are trying to measure the rate of change of the underlying time series, i.e., are trying to be the first and second derivatives we all learned about in Calculus.
We use moving averages (lowpass filters) in technical analysis to remove the random noise from a time series, to discern the underlying trend or to determine prices at which we will take action. A perfect moving average would have two attributes:
It would be smooth, not sensitive to random noise in the underlying time series. Another way of saying this is that its derivative would not spuriously alternate between positive and negative values.
It would not lag behind the time series it is computed from. Lag, of course, produces late buy or sell signals that kill profits.
The only way one can compute a perfect moving average is to have knowledge of the future, and if we had that, we would buy one lottery ticket a week rather than trade!
Having said this, we can still improve on the conventional simple, weighted, or exponential moving averages. Here's how:
Two Interesting Moving Averages
We will examine two benchmark moving averages based on Linear Regression analysis.
In both cases, a Linear Regression line of length n is fitted to price data.
I call the first moving average ILRS, which stands for Integral of Linear Regression Slope. One simply integrates the slope of a linear regression line as it is successively fitted in a moving window of length n across the data, with the constant of integration being a simple moving average of the first n points. Put another way, the derivative of ILRS is the linear regression slope. Note that ILRS is not the same as a SMA ( simple moving average ) of length n, which is actually the midpoint of the linear regression line as it moves across the data.
We can measure the lag of moving averages with respect to a linear trend by computing how they behave when the input is a line with unit slope. Both SMA (n) and ILRS(n) have lag of n/2, but ILRS is much smoother than SMA .
Our second benchmark moving average is well known, called EPMA or End Point Moving Average. It is the endpoint of the linear regression line of length n as it is fitted across the data. EPMA hugs the data more closely than a simple or exponential moving average of the same length. The price we pay for this is that it is much noisier (less smooth) than ILRS, and it also has the annoying property that it overshoots the data when linear trends are present.
However, EPMA has a lag of 0 with respect to linear input! This makes sense because a linear regression line will fit linear input perfectly, and the endpoint of the LR line will be on the input line.
These two moving averages frame the tradeoffs that we are facing. On one extreme we have ILRS, which is very smooth and has considerable phase lag. EPMA has 0 phase lag, but is too noisy and overshoots. We would like to construct a better moving average which is as smooth as ILRS, but runs closer to where EPMA lies, without the overshoot.
A easy way to attempt this is to split the difference, i.e. use (ILRS(n)+EPMA(n))/2. This will give us a moving average (call it IE /2) which runs in between the two, has phase lag of n/4 but still inherits considerable noise from EPMA. IE /2 is inspirational, however. Can we build something that is comparable, but smoother? Figure 1 shows ILRS, EPMA, and IE /2.
Filter Techniques
Any thoughtful student of filter theory (or resolute experimenter) will have noticed that you can improve the smoothness of a filter by running it through itself multiple times, at the cost of increasing phase lag.
There is a complementary technique (called twicing by J.W. Tukey) which can be used to improve phase lag. If L stands for the operation of running data through a low pass filter, then twicing can be described by:
L' = L(time series) + L(time series - L(time series))
That is, we add a moving average of the difference between the input and the moving average to the moving average. This is algebraically equivalent to:
2L-L(L)
This is the Double Exponential Moving Average or DEMA , popularized by Patrick Mulloy in TASAC (January/February 1994).
In our taxonomy, DEMA has some phase lag (although it exponentially approaches 0) and is somewhat noisy, comparable to IE /2 indicator.
We will use these two techniques to construct our better moving average, after we explore the first one a little more closely.
Fixing Overshoot
An n-day EMA has smoothing constant alpha=2/(n+1) and a lag of (n-1)/2.
Thus EMA (3) has lag 1, and EMA (11) has lag 5. Figure 2 shows that, if I am willing to incur 5 days of lag, I get a smoother moving average if I run EMA (3) through itself 5 times than if I just take EMA (11) once.
This suggests that if EPMA and DEMA have 0 or low lag, why not run fast versions (eg DEMA (3)) through themselves many times to achieve a smooth result? The problem is that multiple runs though these filters increase their tendency to overshoot the data, giving an unusable result. This is because the amplitude response of DEMA and EPMA is greater than 1 at certain frequencies, giving a gain of much greater than 1 at these frequencies when run though themselves multiple times. Figure 3 shows DEMA (7) and EPMA(7) run through themselves 3 times. DEMA^3 has serious overshoot, and EPMA^3 is terrible.
The solution to the overshoot problem is to recall what we are doing with twicing:
DEMA (n) = EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))
The second term is adding, in effect, a smooth version of the derivative to the EMA to achieve DEMA . The derivative term determines how hot the moving average's response to linear trends will be. We need to simply turn down the volume to achieve our basic building block:
EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))*.7;
This is algebraically the same as:
EMA (n)*1.7-EMA( EMA (n))*.7;
I have chosen .7 as my volume factor, but the general formula (which I call "Generalized Dema") is:
GD (n,v) = EMA (n)*(1+v)-EMA( EMA (n))*v,
Where v ranges between 0 and 1. When v=0, GD is just an EMA , and when v=1, GD is DEMA . In between, GD is a cooler DEMA . By using a value for v less than 1 (I like .7), we cure the multiple DEMA overshoot problem, at the cost of accepting some additional phase delay. Now we can run GD through itself multiple times to define a new, smoother moving average T3 that does not overshoot the data:
T3(n) = GD ( GD ( GD (n)))
In filter theory parlance, T3 is a six-pole non-linear Kalman filter. Kalman filters are ones which use the error (in this case (time series - EMA (n)) to correct themselves. In Technical Analysis , these are called Adaptive Moving Averages; they track the time series more aggressively when it is making large moves. Indicator
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Candles Colored Green/Red According To Buy & Sell PressureCANDLES COLORED GREEN OR RED ACCORDING TO BUY & SELL PRESSURE
This indicator paints each candle green, red or blue depending on whether the buy/sell pressure for that candle is bullish, bearish or neutral.
***TURN OFF NORMAL CANDLE COLORS***
For this script to show properly on the chart, make sure you go to chart settings(gear icon in top right corner) and in the symbol tab, uncheck body, borders and wick.
***HOW TO USE***
When the directional movement index indicator shows more buying pressure than selling pressure, the candle will appear lime green. This indicates bullish buying pressure.
When the directional movement index indicator shows more selling pressure than buying pressure, the candle will appear red. This indicates bearish selling pressure.
When the directional movement index indicator shows the same amount of buy and sell pressure, the candle will appear blue. This indicates neutral buy/sell pressure.
Use the color changes to see if there is more buying or selling to pinpoint reversals and understand current market buying. Wait to enter or exit positions until the candles turn the opposite color.
***MARKETS***
This indicator can be used as a signal on all markets, including stocks, crypto, futures and forex.
***TIMEFRAMES***
This DMI color coded candlestick indicator can be used on all timeframes.
***TIPS***
Try using numerous indicators of ours on your chart so you can instantly see the bullish or bearish trend of multiple indicators in real time without having to analyze the data. Some of our favorites are our Auto Fibonacci, Directional Movement Index, Color Coded Buy & Sell Pressure Volume Profile, Auto Support And Resistance and Money Flow Index in combination with this Buy & Sell pressure Candle indicator.
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+ ATR Support and ResistanceThis, a very different script from most of mine, is my attempt at making a useful, and not messy, support and resistance indicator. If you've never looked into trader xkavalis, and his scripts and discord, I would highly recommend it. He talks about "pay attention candles" a lot. It got me thinking about what those are. Best as I can tell all he means by that phrase is large, impulsive candles. Sometimes these lead to break outs of ranges, or they may signal tops, bottoms, or near-tops and bottoms. The only way I could make sense of this in a mathematical way was by using the average true range. Basically, any candle's true range outside of the ATR is considered a "pay attention candle," by my definition.
This script originally began as just a candle coloring exercise with some optional shapes plotted above/below certain candles, but I quickly realized I wanted to draw lines or zones from these candles, so eventually, after many hours spent figuring out and learning 'line.new' and 'box.new' I got things sorted.
Essentially, my line of thinking is that on impulsive candles down, the origin of the impulse is more important than the close (not always of course, as there are no unbreakable rules in what markets can do), and with impulsive candles up, the same theory applies.
So, for upward impulsive candles I've marked out the zone from the open to the low as a support (until broken, in which case it may become resistance). For downward impulsive candles the zone encompasses the open to the high. I've given the option to plot a line from the close for all of these. It's turned off by default as it's just less stuff on the chart, but you may like it.
The line length is customizable in a menu. It does funny things on low timeframes on forex and stock charts (long lines that result in chart compression), but for some reason very rarely on crypto charts. If someone who is smart (not me) and has much experience with pinescript could perhaps help me out with a fix for this, that would be great. I suspect it has something to do with my "bar_index_duration" that I defined using the time function, but I'm not sure how or why.
Line length on time frames of one hour and up it is typically fine.
Use the ATR multiple to change the sensitivity of the indicator. This is basically the determination of when a candle is beyond the ATR. A multiple of two is two times the ATR. With lower volatile pairs you can maybe make this lower. On lower time frames or with more volatile pairs (illiquid alts in particular) a higher multiple might serve better. I find the default 1.75 is mostly acceptable.
As I started this I also thought adding some sort of volume information to the candles might be useful as well, so I added a simple candle coloring feature referencing the OBV and a 21 period EMA. Candles are colored based on the OBV's relation to its moving average.
I added some plot shapes and candle coloring utilizing the RSI as well. Options to turn on or off shapes plotted for overbought and oversold across the top of the chart. The most interesting feature that I implemented here is a support/resistance zone around the centerline of the RSI. If the RSI is between 49 and 51 then you can have optional candle coloring, shapes plotted above the candles, and s/r zones drawn on the chart. In trending markets the centerline of the RSI will frequetly act as support or resistance, so by being alerted of this condition on the chart you can use that with actual levels marked off in order to help make a judgement on a trade. I think it's a nice addition, and an oft overlooked aspect of the usefulness of the RSI.
I've also included a calculation, with candle coloring and/or plot shapes, for something like a stop run on high volume. The calculation for that is in its section below, and should be pretty self explanatory.
Lastly, typing this as I'm posting it, this indicator could also be useful for helping to find placement for trailing a stop. Just a thought! Indicator
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SwingScalpin MA'sDefault
HMA's + Trend Signals
Default SMA's
ALMA
BarColoring
The idea behind this script was to incorporate a few different moving average types into 1 indicator so multiple trading strategies could be implemented depending on Price Action. This indicator includes 3 HMA's, 2 user defined EMA/SMA's, 1 ALMA (which also is used for the bar coloring), and Trend signals at the bottom of the chart (which are defined by the 1st MA). By default all of the Moving Averages are set to false because they aren't meant to be used together unless you so chose to. The only feauture initially being shown are the Trend signals at the bottom of the screen.
HMA's - The default lengths for the HMA's are 7, 14, and 21.
This is not Financial Advice nor am I saying this works all of the time but here are a few examples of how I've traded the HMA's... OF course thid depends on overall PA but the idea is to enter and exit when all
three HMA's turn Green or Red...
For quicker entries and exits, you could enter when the Fast HMA crosses the Medium HMA and exit when the it crosses back over/under the Medium HMA.
For more of a swing trade and when there's definitely an established trend, I would stay in the trade until Fast HMA crosses under the Slow HMA, otherwise it might just be a normal retrace prior to making another move up.
When PA is ranging but not really trending in either direction, I'll use the Slow HMA as somewhat of a Trailing SL.
The 2 user defined moving averages can either be an EMA or SMA. The 1st MA is set to the 200 SMA by default, which also triggers the Trend signals at the bottom of the chart. The 2nd MA is set to the 6 SMA by default.
The ALMA is set to 50 by default, which is also used for the bar coloring. Lastly, all of the MA's change color depending on the trend. Indicator
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