Volume Footprint: Measuring by Math & GeometryIntroduction
Volume tells you how much traded. A footprint tells you where.
A conventional volume bar compresses all trading activity within a candle into a single total. That total measures participation, but it does not show how the activity was distributed through price. Two candles can carry similar volume and range while containing very different internal structures.
A volume footprint restores this missing dimension. It organizes a bar's volume across price levels and separates buying from selling, so the candle becomes a readable column: where activity concentrated, where one side dominated, and where the two sides met.
This price-level structure is the basis for the measurements and diagnostics used throughout this indicator.
1. The volume footprint
As introduced above, a footprint reveals the role and position of the real participants inside a candle. The diagram below illustrates the structure:
The diagram shows the footprint structure of a single candle: volume is distributed across price levels and separated into sell and buy activity. This makes the internal distribution of participation visible instead of reducing the candle to one total volume figure.
The real challenge in constructing a footprint is how buy and sell volume are derived. PulseWire’s native Footprint data provides the highest-fidelity source used by this indicator, but it is available only on Premium and Ultimate plans. To make the concept accessible to users on other plans, we therefore estimate buy and sell volume using the alternative methods described below. These methods are approximations, intended to explain and visualize footprint mechanics—not to claim the same precision as PulseWire’s native Footprint data.
Buy/Sell Volume Calculation Engines
The indicator uses three methods as engines for calculating buy and sell volume. These engines are selected from the Engine option in the indicator settings and will be explained individually below.
- Geometric
- Intrabar
- Footprint
A. Geometric Calculation Engine
The Geometric engine estimates buy and sell volume from the position of the candle’s close within its high–low range. A close nearer the high assigns a larger share to buying volume, while a close nearer the low assigns a larger share to selling volume.
As shown in the image, the Geometric engine is an estimation model based on the position of the candle’s close within its high–low range. Buy and sell volume are calculated as:
If the candle has no range, volume is divided equally between buying and selling.
It is important to emphasize that this is an estimated representation of buy and sell activity, not true transaction-side volume. However, it can still provide a useful analytical framework for markets where reported volume is incomplete, fragmented, or not representative of a centralized market-wide feed, such as many cryptocurrency markets and spot gold.
B. Intrabar Calculation Engine
The Intrabar engine derives buy and sell volume from lower-timeframe activity inside each chart bar, using PulseWire’s official ta library. Instead of estimating the split from the shape of the parent candle, it aggregates the lower-timeframe up and down volume returned by the library.
Higher intrabar resolution generally provides greater precision, but also reduces the amount of historical coverage available. Tick-level data offers the finest resolution where available, while a 1-minute lower timeframe provides a practical alternative that can also be used on lower PulseWire plans. On higher chart timeframes, such as 4-hour or daily charts, the 1-minute series can provide a substantially finer approximation of the internal buy/sell structure than calculations based only on the parent candle.
In practical terms, Intrabar provides the middle ground between simple candle-based estimation and native Footprint data: more granular than Geometric, yet still accessible across a wider range of PulseWire plans. Its effectiveness ultimately depends on how much lower-timeframe detail is available for the chart being analyzed.
C. Footprint Calculation Engine
The Footprint engine reads PulseWire’s native volume-footprint data directly. Unlike the Geometric and Intrabar engines, buy and sell volume are not inferred from candle geometry or lower-timeframe direction; they are obtained from PulseWire’s own price-level footprint structure.
This provides the highest-fidelity volume source used by the indicator and serves as the reference engine for footprint-based measurements. Access to this data requires a PulseWire Premium or Ultimate plan.
How are the footprint price rows constructed when native row-level data is available only through PulseWire’s Footprint engine on Premium and Ultimate plans?
For the native Footprint engine, each price row is read directly from PulseWire together with its buy and sell volume. For the Geometric and Intrabar engines, only bar-level buy and sell totals are available, so these totals must be distributed across the candle’s price range. To accomplish this, the indicator uses a Gaussian distribution model.
What Is the Gaussian Distribution Model?
A Gaussian distribution is a bell-shaped mathematical model in which the greatest weight is concentrated around a central value and progressively decreases as distance from that center increases. In this indicator, it is used as a weighting model to distribute a bar’s total buy and sell volume across its price rows, rather than assigning the same amount of volume to every level.
The simplified diagrams below illustrate the basic idea before we apply it separately to the buy and sell sides of a candle.
Figure 1 — A single bell distributes one total; no volume is created or lost
Figure 2 — Both bells cover the full range; only their centers differ, and each sums back to its own total
As the Volume Engine and its role in the settings menu were explained earlier, we will follow the same approach here for the Footprint structure and Gaussian model. The relevant settings will be introduced alongside these concepts so their practical effect on the indicator can be understood directly.
Ticks Per Row
This setting controls the row size only for PulseWire’s native Footprint engine. A value of 1 creates the finest available structure, with each row representing one minimum price increment of the symbol. Higher values group multiple ticks into wider native Footprint rows.
For the Geometric and Intrabar engines, this setting is not used. Their Gaussian price distribution is calculated on the indicator’s fixed one-tick price lattice, where each row corresponds to syminfo.mintick. This keeps their modeled price-level structure at the highest available symbol resolution.
Window Bars
This setting determines how many valid candle columns the footprint table displays. Its default value is 5, and it can be set from 2 to 60.
The important point is that Window Bars does not simply mean the last N consecutive candles. Starting from the current bar, the indicator scans backward and accepts a candle only when:
the active Volume Engine provides valid volume data for that candle,
its total calculated volume is greater than zero, and
its price range overlaps the price area currently displayed by the footprint table.
If a candle does not satisfy these conditions, it is skipped and the search continues farther back until the requested number of columns is collected.
This same selection logic applies to all three engines. The practical difference is only data availability: Geometric normally has data wherever chart volume exists, Intrabar is limited by the lower-timeframe history available to the selected plan, and Footprint requires valid native Footprint data for the candle.
The search can extend up to 5,000 historical bars. Therefore, Window Bars controls the number of qualifying columns displayed, not the chronological lookback period itself.
Ticks Above/Below
This setting defines the vertical price span of the footprint table around the current price. The default value is 5, with an adjustable range from 1 to 50.
A useful way to understand this behavior is to think of an analog aircraft altimeter. The reference point remains centered while the scale moves around it. In the same way, the indicator keeps the current price on the central row while the surrounding price ladder shifts as the market moves.
The selected value determines how many one-tick rows are shown above and below that center:
Visible Rows = (2 × Ticks Above/Below) + 1
For example, a value of 5 displays 11 price rows: five above the current price, five below it, and the central row itself.
This setting applies to all three Volume Engines and controls only the visible price frame. It does not alter the underlying volume calculation or the native row grouping of the Footprint engine. Volume outside the visible frame remains outside the display and is not merged into the boundary rows.
Like an analog altimeter — the needle stays put while the dial turns behind it
Volume Concentration
This setting controls the width of the Gaussian distributions used by the indicator. Its default value is 3.0, with an adjustable range from 1.0 to 10.0 in steps of 0.5.
The relationship is:
σ = (High − Low) / Volume Concentration
Therefore, a higher value produces a smaller σ and concentrates more volume around the center of each bell. A lower value produces a larger σ and spreads the volume more broadly toward the candle’s extremes.
For the footprint table, this setting affects the Gaussian price-row construction used by the Geometric and Intrabar engines. It does not modify the native price rows when the Footprint engine is selected, because those rows are read directly from PulseWire.
The same setting is also used later in the indicator’s Volume Profile construction. There, the common Gaussian profile model uses this concentration parameter regardless of which Volume Engine supplied the underlying buy and sell totals—including the Footprint engine.
Figure 1 — Higher concentration → narrower bell → more volume at the center row
Figure 2 — Concentration reshapes the row distribution, never the bar's total volume
Show Table
This setting controls whether the footprint table itself is displayed on the chart. It is enabled by default.
When Show Table is turned on, the price ladder and its candle columns are drawn according to the current footprint settings. Turning it off removes this table from the chart and provides a cleaner visual workspace.
Importantly, this option controls display only. It does not change the selected Volume Engine or the buy/sell volume values calculated by the indicator. Those volume figures remain available in PulseWire’s Data Window even when the footprint table is hidden.
Table Text Size & Table Position
Table Text Size controls the font size used inside the footprint table, allowing the display to be adjusted for readability or to accommodate larger tables.
Table Position determines where the footprint table is anchored on the chart by combining its vertical and horizontal placement options.
2. Point of Control (POC)
Now that the footprint structure and the distribution of buy and sell volume across price levels have been established, we can begin examining the information that can be derived from that structure. One of the most important of these concepts is the Point of Control (POC).
What Is the Point of Control?
The Point of Control is the price level at which the greatest total volume has traded within the analyzed distribution.
At each price level, buy and sell volume are combined:
Total Volume at Price = Buy Volume + Sell Volume
The price level with the highest resulting total becomes the POC.
The importance of the POC comes from what it represents: it identifies the price where market participation was most concentrated. In other words, within the analyzed structure, this is the level where the largest amount of business was conducted and therefore where price received the greatest volume-based acceptance.
The POC should not, however, be interpreted as a directional signal by itself. It identifies where the greatest activity occurred, not whether buyers or sellers dominated that activity. Directional information must be derived from the buy/sell composition and other footprint measurements surrounding that level.
Because the POC is calculated from a defined group of price-level data, its location also depends on the period or footprint window being analyzed. As the underlying volume distribution changes, the POC can shift to a different price level.
The POC marks where business concentrated — not which side won it
How the Indicator Uses the POC
Now that the meaning of the POC is clear, we can look one level deeper and see exactly how the indicator uses it. The POC is not treated as a single decorative level; it is calculated separately for the footprint table and the chart profile, then reused in several parts of the indicator.
A. Dashboard POC
Inside the footprint table, the indicator first sums the buy and sell volume of each visible price row across all qualifying Window Bars:
Row Volume = Σ Buy Volume + Σ Sell Volume
The visible price row with the largest combined volume becomes the Dashboard POC. This means the Dashboard POC belongs specifically to the footprint window currently being analyzed, not to the entire chart history.
B. POC marker and color in the table
The selected row is marked with ● POC in the Metrics column.
Its color describes the composition of that same price level:
Buy volume greater than sell volume → Buy color
Sell volume greater than buy volume → Sell color
Equal buy and sell volume → Neutral color
The color does not redefine the POC as bullish or bearish. The POC is still selected only by total volume; the color simply shows which side contributed more volume at that level.
The row information also retains the individual Sell, Buy, and Total volumes so the user can see what produced the POC.
C. Chart POC
The POC drawn beside the Volume Profile is calculated independently from the Dashboard POC.
Across the selected profile period, the indicator evaluates the Buy and Sell profile curves at successive price samples and combines them:
Combined Profile Intensity = Buy Density + Sell Density
The sampled price where this combined profile reaches its maximum becomes the Chart POC.
This distinction is important: the Dashboard POC is derived from the footprint table's visible price rows and Window Bars, while the Chart POC belongs to the separate Volume Profile period and its sampled profile structure. They can therefore appear at different prices without either calculation being incorrect.
D. POC and profile resolution
Because the Chart POC is found from the sampled Volume Profile curve, the profile's resolution determines how finely the indicator searches for its maximum. Increasing profile resolution provides a denser set of price samples and therefore a finer localization of the Chart POC, without changing the underlying volume itself.
E. POC as the starting point of Value Area
POC also has a structural role in the next concept we will discuss: Value Area.
Rather than finding Value Area independently, the indicator begins from the POC and expands outward through neighboring price levels until the selected percentage of volume has been accumulated. In this sense, POC is not only a displayed level; it is also the anchor from which the Value Area structure is built.
F. POC settings
The Point of Control setting determines where the metric is used:
Off
Dashboard
Chart
Dashboard and Chart
The accompanying offset controls how far the Chart POC line extends beyond the Volume Profile before its label is placed. It affects presentation, not the calculated POC price.
G. POC as an output level
The indicator also publishes the Dashboard POC and Chart POC as separate level series. This allows PulseWire's standard alert conditions—such as crossing, crossing up, or crossing down—to be applied to either level. We will return to this functionality in the Alerts section.
The key point is that when you see a POC in this indicator, you can identify exactly which dataset produced it, how its price was selected, what its color means, and where that level is used elsewhere in the calculation.
3. Value Area (VAH / VAL)
Once the POC identifies the price where volume is most concentrated, the next question is:
how far does that concentration extend?
The Value Area answers this by defining the price range that contains a selected share of the analyzed volume, commonly 70%.
The calculation begins at the POC and expands outward through neighboring price levels. At each step, the side containing the greater adjacent volume is added first. This process continues until the required percentage of total volume has been included.
The resulting boundaries are:
VAH — Value Area High: the upper boundary of the Value Area.
VAL — Value Area Low: the lower boundary of the Value Area.
Conceptually, the structure can be pictured as:
VAL ← accepted volume ← POC → accepted volume → VAH
The POC marks the center of greatest volume concentration, while VAH and VAL define the broader region around it where most of the analyzed trading activity took place.
Prices inside this range represent the market’s main area of volume acceptance for the selected dataset; prices outside it belong to the lower-volume remainder of the distribution.
POC sits at the peak of the combined curve; VAH and VAL mark its 70% edges
How Value Area Appears in the Indicator
The same Value Area concept is presented in two analytical contexts:
Dashboard:
The calculation uses the volume distribution of the current Footprint Window. Starting from its POC, the indicator expands toward neighboring rows until the selected volume percentage is reached. The resulting boundaries are marked directly in the Metrics column as ▲ VAH and ▼ VAL, so the accepted-volume region can be read against the footprint price ladder.
Chart:
The chart uses the Volume Profile period rather than the Footprint Window. Its own POC becomes the starting reference, and the Value Area is calculated from the profile’s volume distribution. The resulting VAH and VAL are then drawn as horizontal levels around the profile, making the high-volume acceptance range visible directly on the chart.
Because the Dashboard and Chart analyze different datasets, their POC, VAH, and VAL levels do not necessarily have to coincide.
The Value Area setting determines whether these levels are calculated and displayed in the Dashboard, Chart, Dashboard and Chart, or turned Off. The percentage beside it defines the target share of volume, with 70% as the default.
4. Volume Imbalance
Once we know where volume concentrated, the next question is whether one side became unusually dominant at a particular price. Volume Imbalance is designed to identify exactly that condition.
Unlike a simple comparison of Buy and Sell volume on the same row, footprint imbalance is measured diagonally between neighboring price levels:
Buy Imbalance:
Buy volume at a price is compared with Sell volume one row below.
Sell Imbalance:
Sell volume at a price is compared with Buy volume one row above.
With the default threshold of 300%, the dominant side must exceed the opposing diagonal volume by more than three times before the level is classified as imbalanced.
Conceptually:
Buy Imbalance:
Buy(current row) > Sell(row below) × Threshold
Sell Imbalance:
Sell(current row) > Buy(row above) × Threshold
This diagonal comparison is important because it compares opposing activity across the neighboring prices where buyers and sellers effectively meet, rather than treating each row as an isolated number.
How the Indicator Uses Imbalance
Geometric and Intrabar:
The same diagonal rule is applied to the price rows constructed by the indicator.
Footprint:
When the native Footprint engine is selected, the indicator uses PulseWire's own per-row Buy and Sell imbalance results. The selected Imbalance percentage is passed directly into the native Footprint request.
Footprint Table:
An imbalanced Buy or Sell cell receives a directional marker and stronger visual emphasis, making individual imbalances visible inside each candle column.
Dashboard Metrics:
The indicator also evaluates the combined Buy and Sell distribution across the complete Footprint Window. Price levels that satisfy the diagonal imbalance rule at the window level are marked in the Metrics column, allowing isolated candle imbalances to be distinguished from imbalance that persists across the broader window.
Chart:
For the Volume Profile period, imbalance is evaluated from the profile's Buy and Sell distribution and qualifying levels are shown as dotted horizontal marks on the chart.
Imbalance Setting
The Imbalance setting enables or disables these measurements, while the percentage beside it controls how strong the diagonal dominance must be. The default is 300%; increasing it requires a stronger imbalance, while decreasing it makes the measurement more sensitive.
The important distinction is that imbalance identifies relative dominance at specific neighboring prices. It does not simply tell us which side has more total volume across the candle or profile.
Figure 1 — Buy vs sell one row below · sell vs buy one row above · threshold 300%
Figure 2 — A buy imbalance needs the buy row to beat the sell row below it by the threshold
Figure 3 — Sell(P) > Buy(P + 1) × threshold · the buy rule flipped upside down
5. Delta and Totals
After identifying where volume is concentrated and where local imbalances appear, the same Buy/Sell data can be summarized through two direct measurements: Total Volume and Delta.
Total Volume shows how much activity occurred:
Total = Buy Volume + Sell Volume
Delta shows the difference between the two sides:
Delta = Buy Volume − Sell Volume
A positive Delta means Buy volume was greater, while a negative Delta means Sell volume was greater. A value near zero indicates that the two sides contributed similar amounts of volume.
The important distinction is that Delta measures volume dominance, not price direction. A candle can rise while having negative Delta, or fall while having positive Delta, because price movement and Buy/Sell volume balance describe different aspects of market activity.
How They Appear in the Dashboard
At the bottom of each Footprint candle column, the indicator displays:
Total: the complete Buy + Sell volume of that candle.
Delta: the Buy − Sell difference for that candle.
Positive Delta is displayed in the Buy color and negative Delta in the Sell color, while Total remains neutral.
The Sum column applies the same calculation to the entire Footprint Window. It combines the Buy and Sell totals of all qualifying Window Bars and reports:
Window Total = Σ Buy + Σ Sell
Window Delta = Σ Buy − Σ Sell
This allows the user to compare the balance of an individual candle with the broader balance of the complete Footprint Window.
Current-Bar Summary
The status bar at the top of the table also provides a live summary of the current candle, including its Total Volume, Sell Volume, Buy Volume, and the side currently leading.
The lead percentage measures how large the Buy/Sell difference is relative to the candle's total volume:
Lead % = |Buy − Sell| / Total × 100
This makes it possible to distinguish between a small numerical advantage and a genuinely meaningful difference in participation.
The background color of this status bar follows the candle's price change, not its Delta. Therefore, price direction and volume dominance remain intentionally separate.
On the Chart
Total and Delta are not drawn as independent horizontal levels on the chart. Instead, their underlying Buy and Sell volumes continue into the Volume Profile calculations, where the distribution and broader balance between the two sides are analyzed in greater detail.
So while Imbalance asks where one side became unusually dominant at specific neighboring prices, Delta answers a broader question:
Which side carried more volume over this candle or window, and by how much?
6. The Volume Profile
The Footprint shows volume inside individual candles. The Volume Profile takes the next step and combines that information across a selected period to show where Buy and Sell activity accumulated through price.
Instead of one conventional profile, the indicator builds two separate distributions:
Buy Profile
Sell Profile
For every bar in the selected period, its Buy and Sell totals are distributed through that bar’s High–Low range using the same Gaussian framework introduced earlier. These individual distributions are then added together to create the two final profile curves.
An important distinction is that this common profile model is used for all three Volume Engines. Even when the Footprint engine is selected, the chart profile is constructed from its bar-level Buy and Sell totals rather than directly reproducing PulseWire’s native footprint rows. This gives all engines the same mathematical basis for profile comparison.
How It Appears on the Chart
The profile spans from the lowest Low to the highest High of the selected period and is drawn to the right of the latest candle.
Both curves grow from the same baseline and use the same horizontal scale, so their relative widths remain meaningful:
Wider Buy curve → greater Buy intensity at that price
Wider Sell curve → greater Sell intensity at that price
Where the two filled curves overlap, the chart also makes the shared price territory visually apparent.
This profile becomes the foundation for several measurements already introduced or still to come, including Chart POC, VAH/VAL, profile Imbalances, OVL, Balance Tilt, and the Residual self-check.
Main Profile Settings
Profile Period: number of bars included in the calculation.
Profile Width: horizontal drawing size of the profile.
Profile Resolution: number of price samples used to trace the curves; higher values produce finer visual resolution without changing the underlying volume model.
Buy / Sell visibility, Fill and Colors: control presentation only.
In short, the Footprint answers what happened inside each candle, while the Volume Profile reorganizes the same Buy/Sell information around price across an entire period.
Same horizontal scale on both sides — so relative widths are directly comparable
7. Overlapping Coefficient (OVL) and Balance Tilt
The Buy and Sell profiles tell us where each side was active. The next question is:
how much did they operate at the same prices?
The Overlapping Coefficient (OVL) measures this shared price territory.
Before comparison, the Buy and Sell profiles are normalized so that differences in total volume do not distort their shapes. The indicator then measures the common area between the two distributions.
Conceptually:
OVL = Shared Area of the Normalized Buy and Sell Profiles
Its range is:
0.00 → almost no overlap
1.00 → complete overlap
A high OVL means Buy and Sell activity occurred largely at the same prices. A low OVL means the two sides occupied increasingly different price regions.
How the Indicator Interprets OVL
The indicator uses 0.75 as its balance boundary:
OVL ≥ 0.75 → BALANCED
OVL < 0.75 → OFF BALANCE
But OVL alone tells us only that the distributions have separated; it does not tell us which side carried more total volume. For that, the indicator uses Balance Tilt:
Balance Tilt = (Buy Volume − Sell Volume) / Total Volume × 100
Positive values lean toward Buy, while negative values lean toward Sell.
The Balance Tilt % setting determines how large this difference must be before a direction is named. Its default is 5%.
Therefore, when OVL is below 0.75, the chart can report:
OFF BALANCE TO BUY
OFF BALANCE TO SELL
OFF BALANCE — when the volume difference is too small to assign a direction confidently.
On the Chart
The OVL reading appears at the top of the Volume Profile and reports both the coefficient and its interpretation.
This gives two complementary pieces of information:
OVL → Are Buy and Sell occurring at the same prices?
Tilt → If not, which side carries more total volume?
OVL: how much do buy and sell share the same prices?
Balance Tilt: which side carried more total volume
Two questions, answered in order
OVL asks how much the sides share the same prices; Tilt names the heavier side only when OVL says off balance
OVL measures shared prices · Tilt classifies direction when off balance · together they read the profile's balance
8. Residual Self-Check (RES)
Because the Volume Profile is built mathematically, the indicator also verifies that its own reconstruction has not created or lost meaningful volume.
For each side, it compares the original Buy or Sell total with the volume recovered from the complete profile model—including the Gaussian curves and any zero-range bars represented as point masses.
Conceptually:
Residual = Difference between original volume and reconstructed profile volume
The Buy and Sell errors are combined and expressed in parts per million (PPM). A value close to zero means the profile reproduces its source volume with extremely small numerical error.
How It Appears on the Chart
The RES reading is displayed beneath the Volume Profile:
EXACT — Residual is within the permitted tolerance.
DRIFT — Residual exceeds that tolerance.
The default Residual Tolerance is 1 PPM. Lower values make the self-check stricter; higher values allow more numerical deviation.
RES is therefore not a market signal. It is a diagnostic of the indicator itself: a confirmation that the profile you are analyzing remains mathematically consistent with the volume from which it was constructed.
9. Remaining Settings
Most analytical settings have already been explained alongside the concepts they control. Only a few display-related controls remain:
Balance Tilt % sets the minimum Buy/Sell volume difference required before an off-balance profile is labeled toward Buy or Sell. The default is 5%.
Residual Tolerance PPM defines the maximum RES value still classified as EXACT. The default is 1 PPM.
Label Merge Ticks controls how close chart labels may be before they are combined to prevent overlap. A value of 0 keeps nearby labels separate.
Frame Lines control only the color, thickness, and style of the Volume Profile boundary lines.
The remaining profile visibility, colors, fill opacity, width, and resolution settings affect presentation only and were introduced with the Volume Profile itself.
10. Alerts
The indicator does not impose a predefined trading signal. Instead, it publishes its two POC levels as separate series so they can be used directly inside PulseWire’s standard Alert dialog:
Dashboard POC — the POC calculated from the current Footprint Window.
Chart POC — the POC calculated from the Volume Profile period.
After selecting either series as the alert source, PulseWire’s normal conditions can be applied, including actions such as:
Crossing · Crossing Up · Crossing Down · Greater Than · Less Than
This keeps the alert logic flexible. The indicator provides the calculated level; the user decides what interaction between price and that level is important for the strategy being monitored.
For example:
Price crosses above Chart POC → Crossing Up
Price crosses below Dashboard POC → Crossing Down
Dashboard POC and Chart POC remain independent, so an alert can be built around either the short footprint window or the broader profile structure.
Publisher’s Note
Volume is one of the fundamental dimensions of market analysis because it reveals the level of participation behind price and helps us understand where trading activity is taking place.
This indicator was created first to make Footprint concepts accessible across PulseWire plans. The Geometric and Intrabar engines provide approximate Buy/Sell representations, while the Footprint engine uses PulseWire’s official native price-level data where available.
An important part of the project was to place these different data sources inside a common mathematical framework. PulseWire’s native Footprint presents its price-level structure directly as footprint rows, while this indicator also uses Gaussian mathematics and price geometry to construct a comparable Buy/Sell Volume Profile from the bar-level totals of all three engines. In this way, different sources can be examined through the same analytical language rather than through unrelated visual forms.
The purpose is not to claim that an approximation is equivalent to native data. It is to make the differences measurable, understandable, and comparable. For users who enjoy investigating how markets are represented—and how different methods arrive at their results—the three engines can themselves become an interesting field of study.
Ultimately, the goal is simple: to move from merely seeing volume to understanding its structure. Indicator
Indicator
Orderflow Imbalance Pressure [JOAT]Orderflow Imbalance Pressure
Introduction
Orderflow Imbalance Pressure is an open-source indicator that estimates the imbalance between buying and selling pressure on each bar without access to real bid-ask data, derives a Z-score normalized delta oscillator from that estimate, tracks cumulative delta over the session, and detects structural divergences between price extremes and delta behavior at confirmed pivot points.
The core analytical insight is that when price reaches a new high while the cumulative buying pressure behind it is declining, the move is potentially unsupported — buyers are diminishing while the market is being pushed to new levels. Conversely, price making new lows while selling pressure contracts suggests exhaustion rather than conviction. These divergences are objectively measurable and provide leading context that price action alone does not.
Core Concepts
1. Delta Estimation from OHLC
True tick-level delta (bid volume minus ask volume) requires raw tick data. This indicator estimates it from bar data using the classic candle ratio method: buying pressure is proportional to how close the close is to the high, and selling pressure to how close it is to the low:
float buyVol = rng > 0.0 ? volume * (close - low) / rng : volume * 0.5
float sellVol = rng > 0.0 ? volume * (high - close) / rng : volume * 0.5
float delta = buyVol - sellVol
This is an approximation — not a substitute for real order flow data — but provides a directionally useful signal on instruments where tick data is unavailable.
2. Delta Z-Score Normalization
Raw delta varies in scale across instruments and volume conditions. The indicator normalizes delta by computing a rolling Z-score: the delta minus its period mean, divided by its period standard deviation. This produces a dimensionless oscillator centered at zero:
float deltaZ = deltaStd > 0.0 ? (delta - deltaMA) / deltaStd : 0.0
Extreme Z-score readings above +1.5 or below -1.5 indicate statistically significant delta imbalances relative to recent history.
3. Cumulative Delta
Delta values are accumulated across the session to track the net buying or selling bias since session open. The cumulative delta line is scaled and overlaid on the histogram for context. Session resets are configurable (None, Session, or Manual). The cumulative delta often reveals sustained institutional bias that individual bar delta obscures.
4. Imbalance Threshold Markers
When the delta ratio (delta divided by total volume) exceeds a configurable threshold (default 0.6 = 60% of volume in one direction), the bar is classified as an extreme imbalance. Triangle markers appear at these bars and the background is lightly tinted. Extreme imbalance bars often mark exhaustion points or momentum bursts.
5. Pivot-Confirmed Divergence Detection
Divergences are detected using confirmed structural pivots rather than rolling high/low lookbacks. A bullish divergence requires a confirmed pivot low that is lower than the prior confirmed pivot low, while the cumulative delta at that pivot is higher than at the prior one. This fires a signal only at genuine structural turning points — typically 5–10 signals per extended chart rather than hundreds:
if not na(pivotLow)
float dAtPivot = cumDelta
if pivotLow < lastPivLow and dAtPivot > lastPivLowDelta
bullDiv := true
Features
OHLC-based delta estimation: Buy and sell volume proxy from candle structure
Z-score normalized oscillator: Delta normalized by rolling mean and standard deviation
Gradient histogram: Bars colored by delta direction and magnitude intensity
Cumulative delta overlay: Net session delta as a scaled line on the oscillator
Session reset modes: None, Session boundary, or Manual reset options
Extreme imbalance markers: Triangle shapes at bars exceeding the delta ratio threshold
Pivot-confirmed divergences: Bull and bear divergences fired only at structural pivot points
Dashboard: Current delta, bias, buy volume, sell volume, cumulative delta, and Z-score
Six alert conditions: Bull/bear imbalance, bull/bear divergence, delta surge bull/bear
Input Parameters
Delta Engine:
Delta Smoothing EMA: Smoothing for delta oscillator line (default: 3)
Delta Normalization Length: Z-score rolling window (default: 20)
Imbalance Threshold: Delta ratio required for extreme marker (default: 0.6)
Cumulative Delta:
Show Cumulative Delta toggle
Reset Mode: None, Session, or Manual (default: Session)
Cumulative EMA Smooth: Smoothing for cumulative line (default: 5)
Signal Settings:
Delta Divergence Signal toggle
Divergence Lookback: Base period for pivot divergence detection (default: 20)
How to Use This Indicator
Step 1: Read the Delta Bias
Check the dashboard's Bias row. BUYING PRESSURE, SELLING PRESSURE, or BALANCED reflects the current delta ratio. Use this to understand whether the current bar's volume is dominated by buyers or sellers.
Step 2: Watch the Cumulative Delta Trend
A rising cumulative delta line during a price advance confirms the move is volume-supported. Declining cumulative delta during a price advance is a warning sign that buyers are weakening.
Step 3: Act on Divergence Signals
When a DIV label appears (bullish or bearish), a confirmed structural pivot has formed with a diverging cumulative delta. This is the primary signal output of the indicator — use it to anticipate potential turning points in price.
Step 4: Note Extreme Imbalance Bars
The triangle markers at extreme imbalance bars often coincide with momentum exhaustion (after a sustained run) or momentum ignition (at a breakout). Context determines which interpretation applies.
Indicator Limitations
OHLC delta estimation is a proxy; it does not capture true bid-ask imbalance and will systematically differ from actual order flow data
On instruments with wide spreads or gaps, the candle ratio delta estimation becomes less reliable
Divergences in strong trends often resolve with further trend continuation before the divergence is acted upon
Cumulative delta resets at session boundaries, so intraday and multi-day comparisons require switching reset modes
Originality Statement
The combination of OHLC delta estimation, Z-score normalization, cumulative session delta with configurable resets, and pivot-confirmed divergence detection — requiring structural pivot confirmation rather than rolling lookback extremes — in a single publication is the original contribution. The pivot-gated divergence detection specifically prevents the signal spam common in delta divergence tools that use rolling high/low comparisons.
Disclaimer
This indicator is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not financial advice. Delta estimation from OHLC data is an approximation. All signals are based on historical data and do not guarantee future results. Trading involves substantial risk of loss.
-Made with passion by jackofalltrades
Indicator
Institutional Displacement & Volume Delta [Bigbeluga]🔵 OVERVIEW
Institutional Displacement & Volume Delta is an advanced price action tool designed to identify high-conviction market moves, often referred to as "Displacement." It filters out market noise by highlighting candles that exhibit both significant price expansion and institutional-level volume.
By utilizing lower timeframe (LTF) data, the indicator deconstructs each displacement candle to reveal the internal "Buy vs. Sell" volume balance, allowing traders to see the true intent behind aggressive market shifts.
🔵 CONCEPT
Institutional Displacement — Identifies "Power Candles" that have a large body relative to their wicks, signaling a one-sided move by major market participants.
Volume Spike Filtering — Only qualifies a move as a "Shift" if the volume significantly exceeds a user-defined moving average.
Intrabar Volume Deconstruction — Uses a secondary, lower timeframe (e.g., 1m) to calculate exactly how much of a candle's total volume was dedicated to buying versus selling.
Internal Volume Blocks — Visually splits the body of displacement candles into color-coded sections (Buy Block and Sell Block) based on the internal delta ratio.
Market State Muting — Optionally mutes the color of "choppy" or low-volume bars to keep the focus purely on high-probability institutional activity.
🔵 HOW IT WORKS (IN-DEPTH)
1️⃣ Qualification of Displacement
The script first evaluates the "Body-to-Range" ratio. A candle must be mostly "body" (minimal wicks) to prove that the price didn't face significant rejection.
It then checks the Volume Multiplier. The volume must be X times higher than the 20-period average to confirm institutional "heavy lifting."
If both conditions are met, the bar is labeled a "Bullish Shift" or "Bearish Shift."
2️⃣ Lower Timeframe (LTF) Volume Analysis
Standard candles only show total volume. This indicator uses request.security_lower_tf to peak inside the bar.
It sums up every 1-minute (or user-defined) sub-candle to categorize volume as "Buy" or "Sell" based on the sub-candle's closing direction.
This calculation provides the Delta —the net difference between aggressive buyers and sellers.
3️⃣ Visual Representation
The main candle body is hollowed out, and a "Volume Block" is inserted inside.
The split point of the inner block represents the ratio of Buy vs. Sell volume. If a Bullish Displacement bar has a large Red inner block at the top, it may signal that sellers were heavily defending that area despite the bullish close.
Floating labels provide immediate access to the exact Volume and Delta figures.
🔵 KEY FEATURES
Precise Shift Identification: Combines price expansion (Displacement) with volume spikes.
Internal Delta Blocks: Unique visual deconstruction of candle volume ratios.
Institutional Dashboard: Displays real-time data for the most recent shift, including total volume, delta, and a session shift counter.
Muted Chop Mode: Grey-scales non-significant candles to highlight the "Path of Least Resistance."
Error Handling: Built-in notification if the user selects an LTF timeframe that is mathematically incompatible with the current chart.
🔵 DASHBOARD METRICS
Last Shift: Indicates the direction (Bullish/Bearish) of the most recent displacement.
Shift Vol: The total volume transacted during the most recent high-conviction move.
Shift Δ: The net delta of the last shift, showing the dominant aggressive party.
Shift Count: A running tally of Bullish vs. Bearish shifts since the chart was loaded.
🔵 HOW TO USE
Identifying Ignition: A Displacement bar appearing at a support or resistance level often marks the start of a new trend (Trend Ignition).
Spotting Traps: Look for "Bullish Shifts" where the Sell Block makes up a large portion of the candle body. This indicates heavy absorption by sellers and may lead to a failed breakout.
Confluence with Delta: Use the Dashboard's "Shift Δ" to confirm that the displacement move is backed by strong net buying/selling rather than just high-volume churn.
Exit Timing: If price enters a consolidation zone and the "Shift Count" starts alternating rapidly between Bullish and Bearish, it indicates institutional indecision.
🔵 CONCLUSION
Institutional Displacement & Volume Delta provides a specialized lens into market momentum. By focusing on displacement and the internal mechanics of volume, it helps traders align themselves with the "smart money" and avoid the low-probability volatility of retail-driven noise. Indicator
Indicator
SIDD Table Volume multiframe (Modified)🚀 SIDD Volume Table – The Most Powerful Multi-Timeframe Volume Dashboard
Designed by Siddhartha Mukherjee (SIDD)
Free for the community.
Get an unfair edge with the cleanest, fastest, and most accurate multi-timeframe volume analyzer available on PulseWire. This tool reveals where buyers and sellers are truly active across multiple timeframes—helping you confirm trends, avoid traps, and enter with confidence.
🔥 Why Traders Love This Indicator
✅ 1. Multi-Timeframe Volume Domination
Instantly view Buy% / Sell% / Total Volume for:
1m • 5m • 15m • 1H • 4H • 1D • 1W
Choose any combination you want!
✅ 2. Advanced Buy/Sell Volume Logic
Not simple volume…
This tool breaks it into:
Buy Volume% (green dominance)
Sell Volume% (red dominance)
Using candle structure (H-L-C), giving far more accurate pressure detection.
✅ 3. Realtime Candle Countdown
Never guess when a candle will close again.
Get:
Seconds (1m)
MM:SS (5m/15m/1H)
DD:HH:MM:SS (4H, 1D, 1W)
Perfect for scalpers, swing traders, and index traders.
✅ 4. Beautiful & Customizable Dashboard
Choose position anywhere on screen
Auto size or choose Tiny → Huge
Color-coded Bias (Green Buyers, Red Sellers)
Clean layout built for modern charts
Your chart stays clean while your data stays powerful.
💡 What This Helps You Identify
Where buyers are gaining strength
Where sellers are dominating
Multi-timeframe alignment (the key to big moves)
Real reversal pressure
Volume divergence across timeframes
Trend confirmation before breakouts
Perfect for:
NIFTY / BANKNIFTY / Stocks / Crypto / FX / Commodities
🧠 Who Should Use This?
Intraday traders
Swing traders
Options traders
Futures traders
Crypto scalpers
Professional volume analysts
If volume matters to you → this indicator becomes a must-have.
🛠 Built with Precision
Non-repainting
Multi-TF aligned
Fast + lightweight arrays
Uses BTC/ETH feed to stabilize ticks
Zero chart clutter
❤️ Free for Everyone
This tool is released 100% free to help the community trade with clarity and confidence.
Leave a like ⭐, comment 💬, or follow if you want more such institutional-grade tools.
⚠️ Disclaimer
This is for educational/analytical use only.
Not financial advice. Trade at your own risk. Indicator
Dobrusky Volume PulseWhat it does & who it’s for
Volume Pulse is a lightweight, customizable volume profile overlay that shows traders how volume is distributed across price levels over a chosen lookback window. Unlike standard profiles, it also maps cumulative buy/sell pressure at each level, so you see not just where volume clustered, but which side dominated.
Core ideas
Cumulative volume by price: Builds a horizontal profile of traded volume at each level, based on user-defined depth and resolution.
Directional pressure mapping: At every price level, the script accumulates bullish vs. bearish volume based on candle closes vs. opens, providing a directional read on whether buyers or sellers had the upper hand.
POC: Automatically highlights the Point of Control (POC) — the level with the most activity.
Customizable presentation: Adjustable profile resolution, bar width, offset, colors, and whether to show cumulative, directional, or both.
How the components work together
The profile provides the “where,” while the buy/sell mapping adds the “who.” By combining these, traders can see whether a high-volume node was buyer-driven absorption or seller-driven distribution — a distinction classic profiles don’t reveal. This directional overlay reduces the guesswork of interpreting raw volume clusters.
How to use
Apply the overlay to your chart.
Watch the POC and areas of significant increase or decrease in volume (and pressure) as natural magnets or rejection areas.
When trading intraday, I've found that higher timeframe volume levels act as strong magnets. In the chart, you can see the volume levels I've drawn on the SPY daily chart. These levels are targets I use when trading the 5-minute chart.
Pay attention to color dominance at those zones — green-heavy nodes suggest buyer control; red-heavy nodes suggest seller control.
Combine with time-based volume tools and price-action for a more comprehensive trade plan.
Settings overview
Lookback depth: Number of bars used for profile calculation.
Profile resolution: Number of horizontal bars to split volume across price.
Bar style: Width, offset, and multiplier for scaling.
Toggle layers: Choose cumulative, directional, or both.
POC display: Optional highlight of the most traded level.
Limitations & best practices
This is a contextual overlay, not a trade-signal system.
Works best on liquid instruments (indices, futures, major stocks, liquid crypto) where volume distribution is meaningful.
Directional mapping uses candle body bias (close vs. open), not raw order flow. For full tape analysis, pair with actual order flow data.
Originality justification
Dual profile: combines cumulative volume-by-price and buyer/seller pressure per bin (close vs. open) — not a standard VP clone.
From-scratch binning + POC in a single pass for speed; no reused libraries.
Flexible display (cumulative / directional / both) with independent resolution, width, and offset for intraday or HTF use.
Clear visuals (optional POC, balanced node coloring) and open-source code so traders can audit and extend.
Indicator
Volume Delta Candles HTF [TradingFinder] LTF Volume Candles 🔵 Introduction
In financial markets, understanding the concepts of supply and demand and their impact on price movements is of paramount importance. Supply and demand, as fundamental pillars of economics, reflect the interaction between buyers and sellers.
When buyers' strength surpasses that of sellers, demand increases, and prices tend to rise. Conversely, when sellers dominate buyers, supply overtakes demand, causing prices to drop. These interactions play a crucial role in determining market trends, price reversal points, and trading decisions.
Volume Delta Candles offer traders a practical way to visualize trading activity within each candlestick. By integrating data from lower timeframes or live market feeds, these candles eliminate the need for standalone volume indicators.
They present the proportions of buying and selling volume as intuitive colored bars, making it easier to interpret market dynamics at a glance. Additionally, they encapsulate critical metrics like peak delta, lowest delta, and net delta, allowing traders to grasp the market's internal order flow with greater precision.
In financial markets, grasping the interplay between supply and demand and its influence on price movements is crucial for successful trading. These fundamental economic forces reflect the ongoing balance between buyers and sellers in the market.
When buyers exert greater strength than sellers, demand dominates, driving prices upward. Conversely, when sellers take control, supply surpasses demand, and prices decline. Understanding these dynamics is essential for identifying market trends, pinpointing reversal points, and making informed trading decisions.
Volume Delta Candles provide an innovative method for evaluating trading activity within individual candlesticks, offering a simplified view without relying on separate volume indicators. By leveraging lower timeframe or real-time data, this tool visualizes the distribution of buying and selling volumes within a candle through color-coded bars.
This visual representation enables traders to quickly assess market sentiment and understand the forces driving price action. Buyer and seller strength is a critical concept that focuses on the ratio of buying to selling volumes. This ratio not only provides insights into the market's current state but also serves as a leading indicator for detecting potential shifts in trends.
Traders often rely on volume analysis to identify significant supply and demand zones, guiding their entry and exit strategies. Delta Candles translate these complex metrics, such as Maximum Delta, Minimum Delta, and Final Delta, into an easy-to-read visual format using Japanese candlestick structures, making them an invaluable resource for analyzing order flows and market momentum.
By merging the principles of supply and demand with comprehensive volume analysis, tools like the indicator introduced here offer unparalleled clarity into market behavior. This indicator calculates the relative strength of supply and demand for each candlestick by analyzing the ratio of buyers to sellers.
🔵 How to Use
The presented indicator is a powerful tool for analyzing supply and demand strength in financial markets. It helps traders identify the strengths and weaknesses of buyers and sellers and utilize this information for better decision-making.
🟣 Analyzing the Highest Volume Trades on Candles
A unique feature of this indicator is the visualization of price levels with the highest trade volume for each candlestick. These levels are marked as black lines on the candles, indicating prices where most trades occurred. This information is invaluable for identifying key supply and demand zones, which often act as support or resistance levels.
🟣 Trend Confirmation
The indicator enables traders to confirm bullish or bearish trends by observing changes in buyer and seller strength. When buyer strength increases and demand surpasses supply, the likelihood of a bullish trend continuation grows. Conversely, decreasing buyer strength and increasing seller strength may signal a potential bearish trend reversal.
🟣 Adjusting Timeframes and Calculation Methods
Users can customize the indicator's candlestick timeframe to align with their trading strategy. Additionally, they can switch between moving average and current candle modes to achieve more precise market analysis.
This indicator, with its accurate and visual data display, is a practical and reliable tool for market analysts and traders. Using it can help traders make better decisions and identify optimal entry and exit points.
🔵 Settings
Lower Time Frame Volume : This setting determines which timeframe the indicator should use to identify the price levels with the highest trade volume. These levels, displayed as black lines on the candlesticks, indicate prices where the most trades occurred.
It is recommended that users align this timeframe with their primary chart’s timeframe.
As a general rule :
If the main chart’s timeframe is low (e.g., 1-minute or 5-minute), it is better to keep this setting at a similarly low timeframe.
As the main chart’s timeframe increases (e.g., daily or weekly), it is advisable to set this parameter to a higher timeframe for more aligned data analysis.
Cumulative Mode :
Current Candle : Strength is calculated only for the current candlestick.
EMA (Exponential Moving Average) : The strength is calculated using an exponential moving average, suitable for identifying longer-term trends.
Calculation Period : The default period for the exponential moving average (EMA) is set to 21. Users can modify this value for more precise analysis based on their specific requirements.
Ultra Data : This option enables users to view more detailed data from various market sources, such as Forex, Crypto, or Stocks. When activated, the indicator aggregates and displays volume data from multiple sources.
🟣 Table Settings
Show Info Table : This option determines whether the information table is displayed on the chart. When enabled, the table appears in a corner of the chart and provides details about the strength of buyers and sellers.
Table Size : Users can adjust the size of the text within the table to improve readability.
Table Position : This setting defines the table’s placement on the chart.
🔵 Conclusion
The indicator introduced in this article is designed as an advanced tool for analyzing supply and demand dynamics in financial markets. By leveraging buyer and seller strength ratios and visually highlighting price levels with the highest trade volume, it aids traders in identifying key market zones.
Key features, such as adjustable analysis timeframes, customizable calculation methods, and precise volume data display, allow users to tailor their analyses to market conditions.
This indicator is invaluable for analyzing support and resistance levels derived from trade volumes, enabling traders to make more accurate decisions about entering or exiting trades.
By utilizing real market data and displaying the highest trade volume lines directly on the chart, it provides a precise perspective on market behavior. These features make it suitable for both novice and professional traders aiming to enhance their analysis and trading strategies.
With this indicator, traders can gain a better understanding of supply and demand dynamics and operate more intelligently in financial markets. By combining volume data with visual analysis, this tool provides a solid foundation for effective decision-making and improved trading performance. Choosing this indicator is a significant step toward refining analysis and achieving success in complex financial markets.
Indicator
Volumatic Variable Index Dynamic Average [BigBeluga]The Volumatic VIDYA (Variable Index Dynamic Average) indicator is a trend-following tool that calculates and visualizes both the current trend and the corresponding buy and sell pressure within each trend phase. Using the Variable Index Dynamic Average as the core smoothing technique, this indicator also plots volume levels of lows and highs based on market structure pivot points, providing traders with key insights into price and volume dynamics.
Additionally, it generates delta volume values to help traders evaluate buy-sell pressure balance during each trend, making it a powerful tool for understanding market sentiment shifts.
BTC:
TSLA:
🔵 IDEA
The Volumatic VIDYA indicator's core idea is to provide a dynamic, adaptive smoothing tool that identifies trends while simultaneously calculating the volume pressure behind them. The VIDYA line, based on the Variable Index Dynamic Average, adjusts according to the strength of the price movements, offering a more adaptive response to the market compared to standard moving averages.
By calculating and displaying the buy and sell volume pressure throughout each trend, the indicator provides traders with key insights into market participation. The horizontal lines drawn from the highs and lows of market structure pivots give additional clarity on support and resistance levels, backed by average volume at these points. This dual analysis of trend and volume allows traders to evaluate the strength and potential of market movements more effectively.
🔵 KEY FEATURES & USAGE
VIDYA Calculation:
The Variable Index Dynamic Average (VIDYA) is a special type of moving average that adjusts dynamically to the market’s volatility and momentum. Unlike traditional moving averages that use fixed periods, VIDYA adjusts its smoothing factor based on the relative strength of the price movements, using the Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) to capture the magnitude of price changes. When momentum is strong, VIDYA adapts and smooths out price movements quicker, making it more responsive to rapid price changes. This makes VIDYA more adaptable to volatile markets compared to traditional moving averages such as the Simple Moving Average (SMA) or the Exponential Moving Average (EMA), which are less flexible.
// VIDYA (Variable Index Dynamic Average) function
vidya_calc(src, vidya_length, vidya_momentum) =>
float momentum = ta.change(src)
float sum_pos_momentum = math.sum((momentum >= 0) ? momentum : 0.0, vidya_momentum)
float sum_neg_momentum = math.sum((momentum >= 0) ? 0.0 : -momentum, vidya_momentum)
float abs_cmo = math.abs(100 * (sum_pos_momentum - sum_neg_momentum) / (sum_pos_momentum + sum_neg_momentum))
float alpha = 2 / (vidya_length + 1)
var float vidya_value = 0.0
vidya_value := alpha * abs_cmo / 100 * src + (1 - alpha * abs_cmo / 100) * nz(vidya_value )
ta.sma(vidya_value, 15)
When momentum is strong, VIDYA adapts and smooths out price movements quicker, making it more responsive to rapid price changes. This makes VIDYA more adaptable to volatile markets compared to traditional moving averages
Triangle Trend Shift Signals:
The indicator marks trend shifts with up and down triangles, signaling a potential change in direction. These signals appear when the price crosses above a VIDYA during an uptrend or crosses below during a downtrend.
Volume Pressure Calculation:
The Volumatic VIDYA tracks the buy and sell pressure during each trend, calculating the cumulative volume for up and down bars. Positive delta volume occurs during uptrends due to higher buy pressure, while negative delta volume reflects higher sell pressure during downtrends. The delta is displayed in real-time on the chart, offering a quick view of volume imbalances.
Market Structure Pivot Lines with Volume Labels:
The indicator draws horizontal lines based on market structure pivots, which are calculated using the highs and lows of price action. These lines are extended on the chart until price crosses them. The indicator also plots the average volume over a 6-bar range to provide a clearer understanding of volume dynamics at critical points.
🔵 CUSTOMIZATION
VIDYA Length & Momentum: Control the sensitivity of the VIDYA line by adjusting the length and momentum settings, allowing traders to customize the smoothing effect to match their trading style.
Volume Pivot Detection: Set the number of bars to consider for identifying pivots, which influences the calculation of the average volume at key levels.
Band Distance: Adjust the band distance multiplier for controlling how far the upper and lower bands extend from the VIDYA line, based on the ATR (Average True Range).
Indicator
Volume Delta [hapharmonic]Volume Delta: Volume Delta is an indicator that simplifies how you analyze trading volumes and the percentage of buy-sell activities effortlessly.
As a trader or market analyst, understanding underlying volume and trade flows is critical. The Volume Delta indicator provides thorough insight into both the total volume and the percentage of buying versus selling within the current candlestick. This information is pivotal for those looking to gauge market momentum and sentiment more effectively.
Additionally, the Volume Delta indicator can plot the candlestick colors based on the percentage of the dominant buying or selling volume. The area between the open and close prices of the candlestick is considered 100% and fills with colors corresponding to the predominant volume at that percentage.
Volume Delta also integrates the concept of Net volume. This component is crucial as it reveals the real market sentiment by calculating the difference between the volume of trades executed at an uptick and those at a downtick.
🟠 Overview
This indicator now displays in two layouts. Recently, Tradingview introduced the "force_overlay=true" function in Pine Script , allowing plots to be moved to the main chart. Thus, all displays are from the same indicator.
🟠 USAGE
From the data displayed in 'plot.style_columns' , the peak area represents the entire volume, accounting for 100%. Within this area, there are two color levels indicating volume. If one type of volume, whether buying or selling, exceeds the other, the larger volume will be positioned behind and the smaller in front. This arrangement prevents the scenario where a higher buying volume obscures the smaller selling volume. Therefore, the two colors can be switched between the front and the back as needed.
As you can see, the 12 and 26-day Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) are used, with the Volume Confirmation Length set at 6. Therefore, the crossing of the EMAs proceeds normally, but it is highlighted with three triangular arrows to indicate a high likelihood of a valid crossover. However, if the volume is insufficient, these markers won't be displayed, although the EMA crossover will still occur as usual. This can be useful for using volume to verify the significance of the EMA crossover.
🟠 Setting
If you enable the label, please be aware that the chart size will shrink, causing the candlestick display to become unclear. Therefore, you might need to select "Logarithmic" at the bottom right of your screen, or for mobile applications, press and hold on the price scale and choose "Logarithmic" to adjust the scale appropriately.
Enjoy! Indicator
Volume Delta Candles [LuxAlgo]Volume Delta Candles provides insights about Intrabar trading activity in an easy-to-interpret manner. Lower timeframe or real-time data is used for displaying Volume Delta percentage against the total volume as a coloured bar part.
The script also highlights the intrabar price with the maximum trading activity, as well as complementary information.
🔶 USAGE
The tool focuses on intrabar volume to provide more information about the trading activity associated with a candle, without having to use an external volume indicator.
Each indicator components is further explained below:
🔹 Volume Delta
The volume delta is obtained by the difference between buy volume and sell volume, where buy volume is the volume associated with a bullish intrabar candle, and sell volume with a bearish intrabar candle.
Positive volume delta is displayed with a green candle area, while negative delta is displayed with a red candle area.
🔹 Bar Coloring
The script displays VD as a percentage of the whole, or from the candle half, depending on the setting ' Display '.
Bars can be coloured as follows:
Full (100%) when Display is set at ' Full Bar '
Half (50% or 100% of half a bar) when Display is set at ' Half Bar '
A negative VD (more bearish than bullish volume) will fill the bar from the top (or centre) of the bar towards the bottom, and a positive VD will fill a bar from the bottom (or centre) of the bar towards the top.
A negative VD on a green candle will show a red-coloured VD against a green-bordered candle. On the other hand, a positive VD on a red candle will show a green-coloured VD against a red-bordered candle.
Colours for VD sentiment opposite to the candle sentiment can be set differently if desired.
🔹 Highest Volume Price Level
The script displays a white (black on light mode) line highlighting the intrabar price level with the highest volume.
When ' Show Previous Max Volume Price ' is checked, a white (black on light mode) dot is displayed 1 bar to the right.
🔶 DETAILS
🔹 Tick/LTF data
The above example used Lower TimeFrame (LTF) data.
The following example uses real-time tick data ( Settings -> Data From )
Both options, LTF or tick data, will show a vertical dotted line where the data starts.
🔹 LTF settings
When ' Data from ' LTF is chosen and ' Auto ' enabled, the LTF will be the nearest possible x times smaller TF than the current TF. When 'Premium' is disabled, the minimum TF will always be 1 minute to ensure PulseWire plans lower than Premium don't get an error.
Examples with current Daily TF (when Premium is enabled):
500 : 3 minute LTF
1500 (default): 1 minute LTF
5000: 30 seconds LTF (1 minute if Premium is disabled)
🔹 Notes
Different LTFs give different data, which means different results; this doesn't mean it isn't correct; they are just different data sets.
(LTF is displayed at the top right corner)
To ensure maximum visibility of values, we recommend using Bars from the Bar's style menu.
🔶 SETTINGS
Data from: Lower TimeFrame or real-time Tick data
Resolution: LTF setting
Auto + multiple: Adjusts the initial set resolution
Premium: Enable when your PulseWire plan is Premium or higher
🔹 Intrabar Data
Colours
Display: Full/Half bar
Show previous max volume price: White/black dot, showing previous highest volume price level
🔹 Table
Show TF: Show LTF at the top right corner
Colour + table text size
🔹 Details
Show details: label with 'Volume', 'Delta' (VD) and '%'
See USAGE for more information Indicator
Elastic Buy-Sell Volume Wighted SupertrendCredits: This uses Trading View's buy and sell volume script and the Super trend script.
Elastic Buy-Sell Volume Wighted Supertrend can be used like a traditional supertrend indicator however we do not have to arbitrarily choose a multiplier depending on the stock and time frame the code dynamically adjust the multiplier and this is described below.
The buy and sell ATR (Average True Range) play a crucial role in determining the levels for potential buy and sell signals in the market. These ATR values are calculated based on volume-weighted averages, providing insights into the strength of buying and selling pressures. By incorporating volume into the ATR calculation, the indicator can better adapt to market dynamics, as volume often reflects the intensity of price movements. Instead of using Volume as whole this uses up and down volume derived from lower time frames which is used to calculate buy and sell ATR.
The multiplier is a key factor in the Supertrend calculation, which adjusts the width of the trend bands. The multiplier in this indicator dynamically adjusts itself based on two key components: the ratio of the asset's Average True Range (ATR) to that of a broader market benchmark and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the True Range (TR). The ratio comparison provides a historical context of the asset's volatility relative to the wider market over a longer time frame, while the CV accounts for short-term fluctuations in volatility.
By comparing the asset's ATR to that of the benchmark, traders gain insights into the asset's historical volatility behavior. A higher multiplier suggests that the asset's volatility has historically exceeded that of the benchmark, indicating potentially larger price movements compared to the broader market. Conversely, a lower multiplier suggests the opposite.
The CV component measures short-term variability in the asset's volatility, ensuring that the multiplier adapts to both long-term trends and short-term fluctuations. This combined approach enables traders to make informed decisions, considering both historical volatility relative to the broader market and short-term variability. Ultimately, the dynamic multiplier enhances traders' ability to adjust their strategies effectively across various market conditions.
Overall, the use of buy and sell ATR, along with a dynamically adjusted multiplier, enhances the indicator's ability to identify trend directions and to use a dynamic stop loss level. Indicator
Volume Suite - By Leviathan (CVD, Volume Delta, Relative Volume)Volume Suite is an all-in-one script that includes several volume-based indicators such as CVD, Volume Delta, Relative Volume, Buy/Sell Volume, Cumulative Relative Volume and more. Additionally, it offers fully customisable appearance and features for improved data visualization, such as highlights for high volume activity, small price changes with high volume, or large price changes with low volume and more.
Data available in version 1:
- Volume Delta
Volume Delta is the net difference between Buy Volume and Sell Volume at a given bar. Positive Delta indicates that Buy Volume > Sell Volume, while Negative Delta means that Sell Volume > Buy Volume. As there is not way to get tick data on Tradingview, calculating Volume Delta is improvised by using the direction of lower timeframe candles and their volume.
- Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD)
CVD is a running total/cumulation of Volume Delta values, where positive VD gets added to the sum and negative VD gets subtracted from the sum. It can be used for trend strength analysis, divergence strategies, sentiment, etc.
- Buy/Sell Volume
Buy and Sell Volume provides an insight into volume activity in a given bar by estimating the buying/selling volume based on the direction of lower timeframe candles and their volume.
- Relative Volume
Relative Volume is used to compare current trading volume to past trading volume over a given period. For instance, a relative volume of 1.0 indicates that volume is at an average level, while a relative volume of 2.0 suggests that the volume is twice as high as the average.
- Cumulative Relative Volume (CRVOL)
CRVOL is a running total/cumulation of Relative Volume values, where RVOL at close>open gets added to the sum and RVOL at close Indicator
Volume composition / Flowly Indicators— Overview
While net volume is useful information, it can be a blunt data point. Volume composition breaks down the content of volume, allowing a more detailed look inside each volume node. Volume composition consists of the following information:
Total volume (buy and sell). By default gray node.
Dominating volume (buy or sell). By default dark green/dark red node.
Dominating active volume (buy or sell). By default light green/light red node.
Dominating volume as percentage of total volume.
Dominating active volume as percentage of total active volume.
Buy and sell volume is defined by volume associated with lower timeframe up/down moves. This classification is further broken down to passive/active, standing for decreasing/increasing volume, e.g. a move up with volume higher than previous bar volume = active buy volume, a move up with volume lower than previous bar volume = passive buy volume.
Volume data is fetched from a lower timeframe that is automatically adjusted to fit the timeframe you're using. By default, the following settings are applied:
Charts <= 30 min: 1 minute timeframe
Charts > 30 min & <= 3 hours : 5 minute timeframe
Charts > 3 hours & <= 8 hours : 15 minute timeframe
Charts > 8 hours & <= 1D: 1 hour timeframe
Charts > 1D & <= 3D : 2 hour timeframe
Charts > 3D: 4 hour timeframe
Timeframe settings can be changed via input menu. The lower the timeframe, the more precision you get but with the cost of less historical data and slower loading time. Users can also choose which source to use for determining buy/sell volume, e.g. using close as source, a close that is higher than previous close would be considered as buy volume. This could be replaced with OHLC4 for example, resulting in a volume direction based on OHLC average.
Volume composition of current chart can also be replaced with any other chart volume composition:
— Visuals
Breakdown of visual elements:
1. Symbol and timeframe used for volume composition calculations. By default the chart that is viewed and automatically selected lower timeframe.
2. Dominating volume threshold exceeded. Can be defined via input menu, 70% of total volume by default.
3. Dominating volume as percentage of total volume. Plotted below volume nodes, without % symbol.
4. Dominating active volume, + or - symbol, standing for buy and sell. Plotted below dominating volume percentage. When dominating volume and dominating active volume sides are in a disagreement (e.g. dominating volume is on buy side while dominating active volume is on sell side) this symbol will appear inside brackets, (+) or (-).
5. Dominating active volume as percentage of total active volume. Plotted below +/- symbol.
6. Dominating active volume threshold exceeded. Can be defined via input menu, 70% by default.
Dominating volume & active volume percentages can be rounded to single numbers to avoid clutter caused by overlapping values. The percentage values will be rounded to closest single number value, e.g. dominating volume percentage at 54% = 5, dominating volume percentage at 55% = 6.
Volume anomalies can be highlighted on the chart with a color for studying the events and their past implications in greater detail. Available anomalies for highlights are the following:
Buy volume threshold exceeded
Sell volume threshold exceeded
Active buy volume threshold exceeded
Active sell volume threshold exceeded
Volume & active volume divergence
— Practical guide
Volume is arguably one of the most important data points as it directly relates to liquidity. High volume can be an indication of strength (price likely to continue moving) or absorption (price likely to halt/turn). Same applies to active volume, but with an element of aggression. High active volume serves as an indication of exuberance or otherwise forceful transacting, like stop losses triggering. With these principles in mind, the composition of volume allows distinguishing potentially important events.
Example #1 : Identifying areas of trapped market participants
Often when volume spikes distinctively, we can make the case that price has found sufficient liquidity to halt/turn. Since we know which side was absorbed, in what quantity and type (passive/active), we can identify areas of trapped market participants. In such scenarios, the higher the dominant active volume and volume spike itself, the better.
Example #2 : Identifying a healthy trend
A healthy trend is one that has an active and consistent bid driving it. When this is the case, it can be seen in consistently supportive active volume.
Example #3 : Identifying inflection points
When dominant side of volume and dominant side of active volume diverge, something is up. A divergence often marks an area of indecision, hinting an imminent move one way or the other.
Indicator
Aggregated Delta (Buy/Sell) Volume - InFinito||||||||||||||||CREDITS||||||||||||||||
Modified & Updated script from MARKET VOLUME by Ricardo M Arjona @XeL_Arjona that Includes Aggregated Volume , Delta Volume , Volume by Side
Aggregation code originally from Crypt0rus
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- Calculated based on Aggregated Volume instead of by symbol volume . Using aggregated data makes it more accurate and allows to compare volume flow between different kinds of markets (Spot, Futures , Perpetuals, Futures+Perpetuals and All Volume ).
- As well, in order to make the data as accurate as possible, the data from each exchange aggregated is normalized to report always in terms of 1 BTC . In case this indicator is used for another symbol, the calculations can be adjusted manually to make it always report data in terms of 1 contract/coin.
- The indicator can be used for any coin/symbol to aggregate volume , but it has to be set up manually
- The indicator can be used with specific symbol data only by disabling the aggregation option, which allows for it to be used on any symbol
- Previously Included with "Aggr. CDV / Delta Volume" this functionality has been removed from the latter indicator for functionality and simplicity purposes.
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Aggregated Delta Volume: Based off Xel_Arjona's calculation, buy and sell volume is estimated each period. This indicators can display both Buy Volume and Sell Volume for each period.
By Default, this indicator displays Delta Volume by side, which is the difference between the estimated buy and sell volume.
By checking the Option "Show all volume by side", instead of the Delta volume, all Buy and Sell Volume will be displayed by side
Indicator
Realtime Volume Bars w Market Buy/Sell/Neutral split & Mkt Delta
What is it?
A tool that shows Real-time Volume bars split into 3 components: (1) Market Buy Volume - i.e., the volume that got transacted on upticks; (2) Market Sell Volume - i.e., the volume that got transacted on downticks;
and, (3) Neutral Volume - i.e., the volume that got transacted without a change in price. (This feature can be turned off if you want normal volume bars).
Market delta (i.e., Market Buy Volume - Market Sell Volume) is also displayed above each volume bar. (On by default; can be switched off from Settings)
The split and Market Delta data are ONLY AVAILABLE FOR REAL-TIME BARS. Historical bars are shown just like regular ones. The dotted line marks the start of real-time data (i.e., the bar from which the indicator started collecting and displaying data). You will see accurate data for bars to the right of this line. The longer you keep a chart open with the study enabled, the more data it collects and displays, and the better your analysis can potentially be.
Note that the data gets reset every time any of the options is changed, the market is switched, the browser is refreshed, or the script is reloaded
DATA ISN'T STORED. I.e., every time a new symbol is loaded, the previous symbol's data is lost. So if you intend to monitor a symbol, you would need to keep it loaded all the time.
Who is it for?
For traders who are used to analyzing buy/sell activity using market buy/sell volume and market delta information
Although you can use this independently as well, use it in conjunction with "Market Delta Volume for Realtime Bars" indicator to get a better visual representation of the numbers. Indicator
Indicator
